python实现读取命令行参数的方法
本文实例讲述了python读取命令行参数的方法。分享给大家供大家参考。具体分析如下:
如果想对python脚本传参数,python中对应的argc, argv(c语言的命令行参数)是什么呢?
需要模块:sys
参数个数:len(sys.argv)
脚本名: sys.argv[0]
参数1: sys.argv[1]
参数2: sys.argv[2]
test.py:
import sys print "脚本名:", sys.argv[0] for i in range(1, len(sys.argv)): print "参数", i, sys.argv[i] >>>python test.py hello world
脚本名:test.py
参数 1 hello
参数 2 world
python中使用命令行选项:
例如我们需要一个convert.py脚本。它的作用是处理一个文件,并将处理后的结果输出到另一个文件中。
要求该脚本满足以下条件:
1.通过-i -o选项来区别参数是输入文件还是输出文件.
>>> python convert.py -i inputfile -o outputfile
2.当不知道convert.py需要哪些参数时,用-h打印出帮助信息
>>> python convert.py -h
getopt函数原形:
getopt.getopt(args, options[, long_options])
convert.py:
import sys, getopt opts, args = getopt.getopt(sys.argv[1:], "hi:o:") input_file="" output_file="" for op, value in opts: if op == "-i": input_file = value elif op == "-o": output_file = value elif op == "-h": usage() sys.exit()
代码解释:
a) sys.argv[1:]为要处理的参数列表,sys.argv[0]为脚本名,所以用sys.argv[1:]过滤掉脚本名。
b) "hi:o:": 当一个选项只是表示开关状态时,即后面不带附加参数时,在分析串中写入选项字符。当选项后面是带一个附加参数时,在分析串中写入选项字符同时后面加一个":"号。所以"hi:o:"就表示"h"是一个开关选项;"i:"和"o:"则表示后面应该带一个参数。
c) 调用getopt函数。函数返回两个列表:opts和args。opts为分析出的格式信息。args为不属于格式信息的剩余的命令行参数。opts是一个两元组的列表。每个元素为:(选项串,附加参数)。如果没有附加参数则为空串''。
getopt函数的第三个参数[, long_options]为可选的长选项参数,上面例子中的都为短选项(如-i -o)
长选项格式举例:
--version
--file=error.txt
让一个脚本同时支持短选项和长选项
getopt.getopt(sys.argv[1:], "hi:o:", ["version", "file="])
希望本文所述对大家的Python程序设计有所帮助。

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