What are the differences between function testing and coverage in different languages?

Function testing verifies function functionality through black-box and white-box testing, while code coverage measures the portion of code covered by test cases. Testing frameworks, coverage tools, and features differ between languages ​​such as Python and Java. Practical cases show how to use Python's Unittest and Coverage and Java's JUnit and JaCoCo for function testing and coverage evaluation.

Function testing and coverage evaluation methods and practical cases in different programming languages

Function testing

Function testing aims to verify that the function is Expected requirements to work properly. Testing methods include:

• Black Box Testing: Based on input and output test functions, regardless of internal implementation.
• White Box Testing: Test based on the internal structure and implementation logic of the function.

Code Coverage

Code coverage measures how well test cases execute statements and branches in the code. Different coverage types include:

• Statement coverage: How many statements are covered by the test.
• Branch coverage: How many control flow branches are covered by the test.
• Condition coverage: The test covers all possible values ​​of the condition expression.
• Path coverage: Tests cover all possible code paths.

Differences between different languages

The function testing and coverage evaluation methods of different languages ​​have the following differences:

• Testing framework:Different languages ​​have different unit testing frameworks (such as Unittest in Python and JUnit in Java).
• Coverage tools: Languages ​​support different coverage tools, such as Coverage in Python and JaCoCo in Java.
• Features and API: For example, Java provides the @Test annotation, but Python does not have similar features.

Practical case

Python:

import unittest

# 定义要测试的函数
def add_numbers(a, b):
    return a + b

# 使用 Unittest 编写测试用例
class TestAddNumbers(unittest.TestCase):

    def test_positive_numbers(self):
        result = add_numbers(1, 2)
        self.assertEqual(result, 3)

    def test_negative_numbers(self):
        result = add_numbers(-1, -2)
        self.assertEqual(result, -3)

Use Coverage to calculate coverage:

coverage run test_add_numbers.py
coverage report -m

Java :

import org.junit.jupiter.api.Test;
import static org.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions.assertEquals;

# 定义要测试的函数
int addNumbers(int a, int b) {
    return a + b;
}

# 使用 JUnit 编写测试用例
class TestAddNumbers {

    @Test
    void testPositiveNumbers() {
        int result = addNumbers(1, 2);
        assertEquals(result, 3);
    }

    @Test
    void testNegativeNumbers() {
        int result = addNumbers(-1, -2);
        assertEquals(result, -3);
    }
}

Use JaCoCo to calculate coverage:

mvn test jacoco:report

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