What are the application scenarios of template classes and template functions in C++?

Template classes and template functions provide code reusability in C through parameterized types. Template classes allow the creation of generic classes, such as container classes, suitable for various data types. Template functions allow the creation of functions that handle different data types, such as sorting algorithms and mathematical functions. By using templates, you can write more versatile and extensible code, simplifying development and increasing efficiency.

Application scenarios of template classes and template functions in C

Application scenarios of template classes

The template class is a reusable Classes, which allow classes to be defined with types as parameters. This allows you to create generic classes that apply to a variety of data types. The following are some common application scenarios of template classes:

Container class:

• Standard library container class (such as vector, list, map), can be used with any data type.

Algorithm class:

• Sort algorithm (such as std::sort()), which can be used to sort any Compares arrays of data types for sorting.

Smart pointer class:

• Smart pointer class (such as std::shared_ptr), which can manage the memory of objects , and automatically free memory as needed.

Application scenarios of template functions

A template function is a reusable function that allows functions to be defined with types as parameters. This allows you to write code to handle various data types without having to rewrite the function body. The following are some common application scenarios of template functions:

Generic functions:

• Comparison functions (such as std::less<>( )), which can be used to compare two values ​​of any comparable data type.

Mathematical functions:

• Trigonometric functions (such as std::sin(), std:: cos()), can be used to calculate the sine and cosine of any double value.

Type conversion function:

• Type conversion function (such as std::static_cast<>(),std::dynamic_cast<>()), which can be used to convert between different types.

Practical case

Template class: Container class

template<typename T>
class MyVector {
public:
    // ...
};

int main() {
    MyVector<int> v;
    v.push_back(10);
    // ...
}

Template function: Comparison function

template<typename T>
bool less(const T& a, const T& b) {
    return a < b;
}

int main() {
    std::sort(v.begin(), v.end(), less<int>());
    // ...
}

By using template classes and template functions, you can write more general and reusable code, thereby improving the efficiency and scalability of your code.

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