Home Backend Development C++ What are the requirements for C++ functions returning custom types?

What are the requirements for C++ functions returning custom types?

Apr 19, 2024 pm 03:33 PM
c++ Custom type

C++ 函数可以返回自定义类型,满足如下要求:类型完整定义。默认构造函数。值类型需要复制构造函数。

C++ 函数返回自定义类型时有什么要求?

C++ 函数返回自定义类型

C++ 允许函数返回自定义类型,这意味着您可以让函数创建一个新对象并将其作为返回值。然而,对于返回自定义类型,函数存在一些要求:

  • 类型必须完整定义:返回的自定义类型必须已经在函数被调用之前完整定义。这意味着它的所有成员函数和变量都必须声明并定义。
  • 默认构造函数:返回的自定义类型必须具有一个默认构造函数,以便在函数返回时可以实例化该类型。
  • 复制构造函数:如果函数返回一个非引用类型(即值类型),则它还需要一个复制构造函数,以便在函数返回时可以将对象复制到调用者。

代码示例

以下代码示例展示了如何让函数返回一个自定义类型:

#include <iostream>

class MyType {
public:
    int x;
    int y;

    MyType() : x(0), y(0) {} // 默认构造函数
    MyType(int x, int y) : x(x), y(y) {} // 参数化构造函数
    MyType(const MyType& other) : x(other.x), y(other.y) {} // 复制构造函数
};

MyType createMyType() {
    return MyType(10, 20); // 返回自定义类型对象
}

int main() {
    MyType myType = createMyType();
    std::cout << myType.x << ", " << myType.y << std::endl; // 输出:10, 20
    return 0;
}
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在示例中,createMyType() 函数返回一个自定义类型 MyType 的对象。MyType 类定义了一个默认构造函数和一个带参数的构造函数,以及一个复制构造函数。在 main() 函数中,我们调用 createMyType() 函数并将返回对象存储在 myType 变量中。最后,我们打印 myType 的成员变量 xy 的值。

注意:

  • 如果函数返回一个引用(而非值),则不需要复制构造函数。
  • 如果函数返回一个空类型(例如 void),则无需满足上述要求。

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