C++ function templates and generic programming

C Function templates and generic programming allow the creation of generic code that accepts different types of data, achieving type independence through type parameters and template classes. Benefits include code reusability, type safety, and performance optimization. Function templates (like "print") and generic classes (like "Vector") allow you to write code that is type-free, efficient, and reusable.

C Function Templates and Generic Programming

Introduction
Function templates allow you to create Generic functions that accept different types of data. Generic programming extends this concept further, allowing you to write type-independent, efficient, and reusable code.

Function Template
Function template uses type parameters to represent placeholder data types. For example:

template<typename T>
void print(T value) {
  std::cout << value << std::endl;
}

This template function accepts a value of any data type T and prints it to the console.

Generic programming
Generic programming separates type parameters from functions by using template classes. For example:

template<typename T>
class Vector {
public:
  T* data;
  int size;

  Vector() : data(nullptr), size(0) {}
  ~Vector() { delete[] data; }

  // ...其他方法...
};

This Vector class can store any type of data element.

Practical case
Sort vector
The following is an example of a generic sorting algorithm:

template<typename T>
void sort(Vector<T>& v) {
  for (int i = 0; i < v.size - 1; i++) {
    for (int j = i + 1; j < v.size; j++) {
      if (v.data[j] < v.data[i]) {
        std::swap(v.data[i], v.data[j]);
      }
    }
  }
}

This algorithm can be used for any A vector of type sort elements.

Benefits

• Code reusability: Function templates and generic programming allow you to write generic functions that can be used with multiple data types code.
• Type safety: The compiler enforces type consistency, thus preventing type errors.
• Performance optimization: Generic code uses inline technology for compile-time optimization to improve runtime speed.

With function templates and generic programming, you can write more flexible, robust, and efficient C code.

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