Table of Contents
Go语言中的线程与进程比较
区别对比
实战案例
Home Backend Development Golang Compare the characteristics between threads and processes in Go language

Compare the characteristics between threads and processes in Go language

Apr 03, 2024 am 11:51 AM
go language process thread concurrent access

在 Go 语言中,线程与进程的区别在于:内存空间:线程共享内存,而进程独立;创建/销毁:线程更轻量级,而进程更重量级;通信:线程通过共享变量通信,而进程通过消息传递;上下文切换:线程开销更低,而进程更高;并行度:线程适用于大量任务,而进程适用于有限数量的任务;隔离性:线程隔离性低,而进程隔离性高。

Compare the characteristics between threads and processes in Go language

Go语言中的线程与进程比较

在 Go 语言中,线程和进程是两个基本概念,它们都用于并行执行任务。但是,它们之间存在一些关键区别。

线程

  • 与进程共享相同的内存空间。
  • 可以比进程更轻松、更高效地创建和销毁。
  • 对于需要频繁交互或共享数据的任务非常有用。

进程

  • 具有自己的独立内存空间。
  • 独立于其他进程运行。
  • 对于需要隔离或较长执行时间的任务非常有用。

区别对比

特征 线程 进程
内存空间 共享 独立
创建/销毁 更轻量级和高效 更重量级和耗时
通信和数据共享 通过共享变量和原子操作 通过消息传递或进程间通信 (IPC)
上下文切换开销
并行度 适用于大量线程 适用于有限数量的进程
隔离性

实战案例

线程

package main

import (
    "fmt"
    "sync"
)

func main() {
    counter := 0
    var mutex sync.Mutex

    for i := 0; i < 100; i++ {
        go func() {
            mutex.Lock()
            defer mutex.Unlock()
            counter++
            fmt.Printf("Counter in thread: %d\n", counter)
        }()
    }

    fmt.Scanln()
}
Copy after login

在这个例子中,我们创建了 100 个线程,每个线程都会递增一个共享计数器。sync.Mutex 用于保护对共享计数器的并发访问。

进程

package main

import (
    "fmt"
    "os/exec"
)

func main() {
    cmd := exec.Command("ls", "-l")
    out, err := cmd.Output()
    if err != nil {
        panic(err)
    }

    fmt.Println(string(out))
}
Copy after login

在这个例子中,我们创建了一个子进程来执行 ls 命令。子进程是独立于主进程运行的,并且具有自己独立的内存空间。

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