SQL Server和MySQL的安全性分析_MySQL
数据库是电子商务、金融以及ERP系统的基础,通常都保存着重要的商业伙伴和客户信息。大多数企业、组织以及政府部门的电子数据都保存在各种数据库中,他们用这些数据库保存一些个人资料,还掌握着敏感的金融数据。但是数据库通常没有像做系统和网络这样在安全性上受到重视。数据是企业,组织的命脉所在,因此选择一款安全的数据库是至关重要的。大型网站一般使用Oracle或DB2,而中小型网站大多数使用更加灵活小巧的SQL Server数据库或者MySQL数据库。那么,在同样的条件下,微软的SQL Server和免费的MySQL哪个更加安全呢?
我在我的机子上面用管理员帐号默认安装了mssql和mysql以便在相同的情况下测试他们的安全性。我的系统配置如下:操作系统Microsoft Windows 2000 Version5.0,安装了sp4,ftp服务和iis服务,支持asp和php。系统只有一个管理员帐号admin,guest帐号没有禁用。
一.系统内部安全性分析
1.mysql数据库权限控制问题
mysql的权限控制是基于mysql这个数据库的,叫做授权表,一共包括包括六个表columns_priv,db,func,host,tables_priv和user。先使用desc user命令查看非常重要的user表的结构以便查询内容,现在可以查看他的权限设置了。使用命令select host,user,password,delete_priv,update_priv,drop_priv from user;这个命令查看了几个比较危险的权限,显示结果如下:
mysql> select host,user,password,delete_priv,update_priv,drop_priv from user;
+-----------+------+------------------+-------------+-------------+-----------+
| host | user | password | delete_priv | update_priv | drop_priv |
+-----------+------+------------------+-------------+-------------+-----------+
| localhost | root |0e4941f53f6fa106 | Y | Y | Y |
| % | root | | Y | Y | Y |
| localhost | | | Y | Y | Y |
| % | | | N | N | N |
+-----------+------+------------------+-------------+-------------+-----------+
4 rows in set (0.00 sec)
第一条表示在本机使用root用密码登陆,拥有删除记录,修改记录,删除表等权限,好,这是安全的。第二条表示在任何主机使用root不需密码登陆,拥有删除记录,修改记录,删除表等权限。第三条表示在本机匿名登陆,拥有删除记录,修改记录,删除表等权限。最后条表示可以再任何主机匿名登陆,但是没有任何权限。显然,第二,三,四都是不安全的!第二条不用说,就第三条而言,就算你在本地是guest权限,但是也可以登陆mysql数据库,而且拥有全部权限。这样,就可以对数据库为所欲为了。
解决方法:如果你不需要远程维护,删除掉第二条,delete from user where host="%" and user="root";或者给它加个强壮的密码。删除第三条,delete from user where host="localhost" and user="";
2.mysql安装目录权限问题
mysql默认安装到c:mysql,但是c盘默认是everyone完全控制,由于权限的继承性,c:mysql对everyone也是完全控制的,显然这样是不安全的。因为恶意用户可以删除重要的数据文件。
解决方法:重新设置mysql目录的存取权限。或者将mysql安装到其他目录,如果你移动Mysql分发到D:mysql,你就必须使用用D:mysqlbinmysqld --basedir D:mysql来启动mysqld,甚至还需要修改它的配置文件。
3.mssql数据库权限控制问题
mssql数据库的权限控制是基于master库的syslogins表,拥有所有权限的帐号是sa,其他还有sysadmin,db_owner等不同权限帐号。但是,mssql数据库最高权限帐号sa的默认密码是空,这样如果安装的时候不注意,就会给数据带来毁灭性的灾难。恶意攻击者可以修改,删除所有数据,更加重要的是mssql帐号可以利用扩展执行系统命令。

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