T-SQL、Jet SQL、PL-SQL 的含义_MySQL
数据库分为网状、层状、关系、对象四种类型,目前的数据库一般都是属于关系数据库(如SQLServer、Oracle,MySQL等),网状、层状基本上已成历史,对象类型尚未普及。
SQL 语言是有 ANSI 标准的。但各个厂商实现的 SQL 语言,都没有完全遵循标准。并对标准 SQL 进行了诸如 if 之类的控制语句的扩展,就有了T-SQL,Jet SQL、PL-SQL 等,具体要依据你的数据库管理系统而定,SQL Server 当然是使用T-SQL、Oracle 使用PL-SQL,Access使用Jet SQL。
SQL 是结构化查询语言的缩写,是一种标准。现在一般将标准的 SQL 语言规范称为 ANSI SQL XX,后面的 XX 表示版本,比如 ANSI SQL 92 规范。 很多公司的数据库软件都使用 SQL 语句来进行数据库操作,但是各大公司都对标准的 SQL 语言规范进行了扩展,因此 SQL 很多分支,各种分支都有其特殊且与其他分支不兼容的地方。 JET SQL 与 T-SQL 都是微软所特有的 SQL 分支,Jet SQL 用于 ACCESS 数据库软件,T-SQL 用于 SQL Server 数据库软件。Access没有存储过程,没有触发器。Jet-SQL 不支持 full join。二者在语句上也有差别。
SQL 语句基本上是以 ANSI SQL为标准,用标准 SQL书写的程序在各类数据库上都可以执行。不同的数据库都对SQL有所扩展,增加自己的特色功能。但是程序员应该养成好的习惯,尽量避免使用扩展SQL,这样的程序可以方便的换数据库。
SQL Server 是企业级的大型数据库,适用于海量数据的存储和访问,有更高的安全性。Access 是个人桌面数据库,适于数据量不大的一般应用。当然后者更简单一些,一般小型的应用程序中可以很容易调用。前者需要额外的设备支持,需要安装在服务器版的操作系统中。
T-SQL是标准 SQL 程式设计语言的增强版,它是用来让应用程式与 SQL Server 沟通的主要语言。T-SQL 提供标准 SQL的DDL 和 DML 功能,加上延伸的函数、系统预存程序以及程式设计结构(例如 IF 和 WHILE)让程式设计更有弹性。T-SQL 的功能随著新版的 SQL Server 而持续成长,让我们来看一下 T-SQL 最新增加的特色。 在 Microsoft SQL Server 7.0 中 T-SQL 有著为数不少的新增功能,包括新的预存程序、系统资料表、函数、资料型别、陈述式以及现存陈述式中的选项。
Oracle 中的查询语言叫 PL-SQL。PL-SQL 被称为块结构化语言。PL-SQL是Oracle的扩展,在标准SQL中加入了IF...ELSE... For....等控制过程的SQL。
SQLServer 在SQL上的扩展是Transact SQL,即 T-SQL。
SQL Server、MySQL、Oracle 等都是数据库管理系统。所谓的数据库是一个文件,比如Acess数据库是 *.mdb。
操作系统给用户提供良好的应用接口,而数据库管理系统是运行在操作系统之上的支撑程序,是数据库系统的核心。
备注:
Oracle // 用于大型系统
Sybase、SQL Server // 用于中型系统
IBM Db2, MySQL // 用于中小型系统
Access // 用于小型系统

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