数据库中group by和having语法使用详解_MySQL
bitsCN.com
有个朋友问我一个返话费的问题,大概意思是这样的:只需把表deal中所有手机用户某天充值两次以上且总金额超过50的用户充值记录查询出来,至于怎么进行返话费那不是重点。
先看看group by的语法:
SELECT column1, SUM(column2) FROM "list-of-tables" GROUP BY "column-list";
GROUP BY子句将集中所有的行在一起,它包含了指定列的数据以及允许合计函数来计算一个或者多个列。
假设我们将从员工表employee表中搜索每个部门中工资最高的薪水,可以使用以下的SQL语句:
SELECT max(salary), dept FROM employee GROUP BY dept;
这条语句将在每一个单独的部门中选择工资最高的工资,结果将他们的salary和dept返回。
group by 顾名思义就是按照xxx进行分组,它必须有“聚合函数”来配合才能使用,使用时至少需要一个分组标识字段。
聚合函数有:sum()、count()、avg()等,使用group by目的就是要将数据分组进行汇总操作。
例如对员工表的操作:
select dept_id,count(emp_id),sum(salary) form employee group by dept_id;
这样的运行结果就是以“dept_id”为分类标志统计各单位的职工人数和工资总额。
再看看having的语法:
SELECT column1, SUM(column2) FROM “list-of-tables” GROUP BY “column-list” HAVING “condition”;
这个HAVING子句的作用就是为每一个组指定条件,像where指定条件一样,也就是说,可以根据你指定的条件来选择行。如果你要使用HAVING子句的话,它必须处在GROUP BY子句之后。
例如还是对员工表的操作:
SELECT dept_id, avg(sal) FROM employee GROUP BY dept_id HAVING avg(salary) >= 4000;
这样的运行结果就是以“dept_id”为分类标志统计各单位的职工人数和工资平均数且工资平均数大于4000。
下面开始我们的返话费查询功能的实现:
话费表deal字段有这些:
sell_no:订单编号
name:用户名
phone:用户手机号
amount:充值金额
date:充值日期
上边就这些有效字段,假如数据(数据纯属虚构,如有*,纯是巧合)如下:
sell_no name phone amount date
00000000001 李晓红 15822533496 50 2011-10-23 08:09:23
00000000002 李晓红 15822533496 60 2011-10-24 08:15:34
00000000003 李晓红 15822533496 30 2011-10-24 12:20:56
00000000004 杨 轩 18200000000 100 2011-10-24 07:59:43
00000000005 杨 轩 18200000000 200 2011-10-24 10:11:11
00000000006 柳梦璃 18211111111 50 2011-10-24 09:09:46
00000000007 韩菱纱 18222222222 50 2011-10-24 08:09:45
00000000008 云天河 18333333333 50 2011-10-24 08:09:25
把以上数据当天(2011-10-24)交过两次话费,而且总金额大于50的数据取出来,要取的结果如下:
00000000002 李晓红 15822533496 60 2011-10-24 08:15:34
00000000003 李晓红 15822533496 30 2011-10-24 12:20:56
00000000004 杨 轩 18200000000 100 2011-10-24 07:59:43
00000000005 杨 轩 18200000000 200 2011-10-24 10:11:11
因为今天(2011-10-24)李晓红和杨轩交过两次以上话费,而且总金额大于50,所以有他们的数据,而柳梦璃,韩菱纱,云天河只交过一次,所以没他们的数据。
我的处理思路大概是这样的,先把当天日期的记录用group by进行手机号分组即一个手机号为一组,接着用having子句进行过滤,把交过两次话费且话费总金额大于50的手机号查出来,最后用手机号和日期条件组合查询就能完成数据的查询,具体如下。
注意日期处理细节,要查询的某一天(yyyy-MM-dd)的所有记录mysql是这样处理的:
SELECT date_format(date,'%Y-%m-%d') from deal;
查询出符合条件(交过两次以上话费,而且总金额大于50)的手机号:
select phone from deal where date_format(date,'%Y-%m-%d')="2011-10-24" group by phone having count(phone)>1 and sum(amount)>50;
结合手机号和日期查询出最终记录:
select * from deal where date_format(date,'%Y-%m-%d')="2011-10-24" and phone in
(select phone from deal where date_format(date,'%Y-%m-%d')="2011-10-24"
group by phone having count(phone)>1 and sum(amount)>50) order by phone;
里边嵌套了一个select语句,感觉效率低点了,谁有更高效的方法不?
附数据建库sql代码:
create database if not exists `phone_deal`;
USE `phone_deal`;
DROP TABLE IF EXISTS `deal`;
CREATE TABLE `deal` (
`sell_no` varchar(100) NOT NULL,
`name` varchar(100) default NULL,
`phone` varchar(100) default NULL,
`amount` decimal(10,0) default NULL,
`date` datetime default NULL,
PRIMARY KEY (`sell_no`)
) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8;
insert into `deal`(`sell_no`,`name`,`phone`,`amount`,`date`) values ('00001','李晓红','15822533496','60','2011-10-23 08:09:23'),('00002','李晓红','15822533496','50','2011-10-24 08:15:34'),('00003','李晓红','15822533496','40','2011-10-24 12:20:56'),('00004','杨轩','18210607179','100','2011-10-24 07:59:43'),('00005','杨轩','18210607179','50','2011-10-24 10:11:11'),('00006','柳梦璃','15822533492','1000','2011-10-24 09:09:46'),('00007','韩菱纱','15822533493','10000','2011-10-24 08:09:45'),('00008','云天河','15822533494','500','2011-10-24 08:09:25');
bitsCN.com
Hot AI Tools

Undresser.AI Undress
AI-powered app for creating realistic nude photos

AI Clothes Remover
Online AI tool for removing clothes from photos.

Undress AI Tool
Undress images for free

Clothoff.io
AI clothes remover

Video Face Swap
Swap faces in any video effortlessly with our completely free AI face swap tool!

Hot Article

Hot Tools

Notepad++7.3.1
Easy-to-use and free code editor

SublimeText3 Chinese version
Chinese version, very easy to use

Zend Studio 13.0.1
Powerful PHP integrated development environment

Dreamweaver CS6
Visual web development tools

SublimeText3 Mac version
God-level code editing software (SublimeText3)

Hot Topics

With the rapid development of social media, Xiaohongshu has become one of the most popular social platforms. Users can create a Xiaohongshu account to show their personal identity and communicate and interact with other users. If you need to find a user’s Xiaohongshu number, you can follow these simple steps. 1. How to use Xiaohongshu account to find users? 1. Open the Xiaohongshu APP, click the "Discover" button in the lower right corner, and then select the "Notes" option. 2. In the note list, find the note posted by the user you want to find. Click to enter the note details page. 3. On the note details page, click the "Follow" button below the user's avatar to enter the user's personal homepage. 4. In the upper right corner of the user's personal homepage, click the three-dot button and select "Personal Information"

The Local Users and Groups utility is built into Computer Management and can be accessed from the console or independently. However, some users find that local users and groups are missing in Windows 11. For some people who have access to it, the message suggests that this snap-in may not work with this version of Windows 10. To manage user accounts for this computer, use the User Accounts tool in Control Panel. The issue has been reported in previous iterations of Windows 10 and is usually caused by issues or oversights on the user's side. Why are local users and groups missing in Windows 11? You are running Windows Home edition, local users and groups are available on Professional edition and above. Activity

In Ubuntu systems, the root user is usually disabled. To activate the root user, you can use the passwd command to set a password and then use the su- command to log in as root. The root user is a user with unrestricted system administrative rights. He has permissions to access and modify files, user management, software installation and removal, and system configuration changes. There are obvious differences between the root user and ordinary users. The root user has the highest authority and broader control rights in the system. The root user can execute important system commands and edit system files, which ordinary users cannot do. In this guide, I'll explore the Ubuntu root user, how to log in as root, and how it differs from a normal user. Notice

Certain folders are not always accessible due to permissions, and in today’s guide we will show you how to access user folders on your old hard drive on Windows 11. The process is simple but can take a while, sometimes even hours, depending on the size of the drive, so be extra patient and follow the instructions in this guide closely. Why can't I access my user folders on my old hard drive? User folders are owned by another computer, so you cannot modify them. You don't have any permissions on the folder other than ownership. How to open user files on old hard drive? 1. Take ownership of the folder and change permissions Find the old user directory, right-click on it and select Properties. Navigate to "An

Many users have been added to the Ubuntu system. I want to delete the users that are no longer in use. How to delete them? Let’s take a look at the detailed tutorial below. 1. Open the terminal command line and use the userdel command to delete the specified user. Be sure to add the sudo permission command, as shown in the figure below. 2. When deleting, be sure to be in the administrator directory. Ordinary users do not have this permission. , as shown in the figure below 3. After the delete command is executed, how to judge whether it has been truly deleted? Next we use the cat command to open the passwd file, as shown in the figure below 4. We see that the deleted user information is no longer in the passwd file, which proves that the user has been deleted, as shown in the figure below 5. Then we enter the home file

Microsoft began rolling out KB2 to the public as an optional update for Windows 503145511H22 or later. This is the first update to enable Windows 11 Moment 4 features by default, including Windows Copilot in supported areas, preview support for items in the Start menu, ungrouping of the taskbar, and more. Additionally, it fixes several Windows 11 bugs, including potential performance issues that caused memory leaks. But ironically, the optional update for September 2023 will be a disaster for users trying to install the update, or even for those who have already installed it. Many users will not install this Wi

sudo (superuser execution) is a key command in Linux and Unix systems that allows ordinary users to run specific commands with root privileges. The function of sudo is mainly reflected in the following aspects: Providing permission control: sudo achieves strict control over system resources and sensitive operations by authorizing users to temporarily obtain superuser permissions. Ordinary users can only obtain temporary privileges through sudo when needed, and do not need to log in as superuser all the time. Improved security: By using sudo, you can avoid using the root account during routine operations. Using the root account for all operations may lead to unexpected system damage, as any mistaken or careless operation will have full permissions. and

Microsoft invites WindowsInsider project members in the Canary and Dev channels to test and experience the new Paint application. The latest version number is 11.2306.30.0. The most noteworthy new feature of this version update is the one-click cutout function. Users only need to click once to automatically eliminate the background and highlight the main body of the picture, making it easier for users to perform subsequent operations. The whole step is very simple. The user imports the picture in the new layout application, and then clicks the "removebackground" button on the toolbar to delete the background in the picture. The user can also use a rectangle to select the area to remove the background.
