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一次复合索引的调整_MySQL

Jun 01, 2016 pm 01:36 PM

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一次复合索引的调整

 

表test如下:

 

| Field | Type | Null | Key | Default | Extra |

+-------------+-----------------------+------+-----+---------+----------------+

| pid | int(10) unsigned | NO | PRI | NULL | auto_increment |

| tid | mediumint(8) unsigned | NO | MUL | 0 | |

| showtime | int(11) | YES | | 0 | |

数据量200w+

 

原来有个复合索引建立在tid和showtime上的。

现有个sql

SELECT * FROM test  WHERE AND tid='47992' AND pid >=1660250 and showtime>0  ORDER BY p.showtime,p.pid LIMIT 0, 40;

于是将索引修改如下(tid为最左前缀不能改,有别的sql用到tid+showtime):

ALTER TABLE test ADD INDEX idx_tid_showtime_pid(tid,showtime,pid);

执行sql效率很低,请看explain    

 

+----+-------------+----------------+-------+----------------------+----------------------+---------+------+--------+-------------+

| id | select_type | table | type | possible_keys | key | key_len | ref | rows | Extra |

+----+-------------+----------------+-------+----------------------+----------------------+---------+------+--------+-------------+

| 1 | SIMPLE | test | range | idx_tid_showtime_pid | idx_tid_showtime_pid | 8 | NULL | 123444 | Using where |

+----+-------------+----------------+-------+----------------------+----------------------+---------+------+--------+-------------+

 

感觉效率依然很低,通过slow-log记录可以看到执行时间在0.7秒以上。

测试了下去掉showtime条件后只使用tid和pid的复合索引效率是很高的,于是再次修改索引:

ALTER TABLE test ADD INDEX idx_tid_pid_showtime(tid,pid,showtime);

这样效率大大提高,执行时间降到了0.1以下。    

 

+----+-------------+-------+-------+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+----------------------+---------+------+------+-----------------------------+

| id | select_type | table | type | possible_keys | key | key_len | ref | rows | Extra |

+----+-------------+-------+-------+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+----------------------+---------+------+------+-----------------------------+

| 1 | SIMPLE | test | range | idx_tid_showtime_pid,idx_tid_pid_showtime | idx_tid_pid_showtime | 12 | NULL | 3290 | Using where; Using filesort |

+----+-------------+-------+-------+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+----------------------+---------+------+------+------

 

    以上问题,从我个人理解上是这样的,idx_tid_showtime_pid(tid,showtime,pid)这条索引满足了使用索引order by的条件,所以需要扫描123444行数据。

    而 idx_tid_pid_showtime(tid,pid,showtime)这条索引的列顺序和order by的顺序不一样,排序无法使用索引,而where条件使用索引效率很好,只扫描了3290行数据,即使加上排序的时间也很快。

 

    由此可见索引的添加也不能一味的以字段顺序去适应排序的顺序,虽然省略了排序所花的时间,但是在其他的开销上远大于少量数据排序带来的影响。

 

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