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MySql:charset和collation的设置_MySQL

Jun 01, 2016 pm 01:36 PM
database server

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MySql:charset和collation的设置

 

charset 和 collation 有多个级别的设置:服务器级、数据库级、表级、列级和连接级 

1.服务器级 

  查看设置:show global variables like 'character_set_server'; 和 show global variables like 'collation_server'; 

  修改设置:在OPTION FILE (/etc/mysql/my.cnf)里设置: 

   [mysqld] 

    character_set_server=utf8 

    collation_server=utf8_general_ci 

 

2. 数据库级 

   查看设置:select * from information_schema.schemata where schema_name = 'cookbook'; 

   设置: 

     1.若没有显式设置,则自动使用服务器级的配置 

     2.显式设置:在创建库时指定 

       create database playUtf8  DEFAULT CHARACTER SET latin1 COLLATE latin1_swedish_ci; 

3.表级 

   查看设置:show create table course; 

   设置: 

     1.若没有显式设置,则自动使用数据库级的配置 

     2.显式设置:在创建表时指定 

       create table utf ( id int ) default charset=utf8 default collate=utf8_bin; 

 

4.列级 

   查看设置:show create table course; 

   设置: 

     1.若没有显式设置,则自动使用表级的配置 

     2.显式设置: 

 

     CREATE TABLE Table1(column1 VARCHAR(5) CHARACTER SET latin1 COLLATE latin1_german1_ci); 

 

5.连接级别 

  查看设置: 

     show variables like 'character_set_client';  # 服务端使用这个编码来理解客户端发来的statements 

     show variables like 'character_set_connection' ; # 我还不知道什么意思,等看了mysql源码再说 

     show variables like 'character_set_results'; # 服务端使用这个编码回送结果集和错误信息 

  设置: 

     客户端在连接时可以指定这些参数;同时,服务端也提供了一个Global范围的值,客户端未指定这些参数时,服务端就使用这个Global值。这个global值怎么设置的? 我查遍了很多文档,似乎还没看到设置的办法 (有人说通过my.cnf,或者在启动mysqld时指定命令行参数,其实都是错的) 

 

附:connector/j传输SQL时用什么编码? 

  答案: "The character encoding between client and server is automatically detected upon connection. The encoding used by the driver is specified on the server using the character_set_server system variable for server versions 4.1.0 and newer." 

   也就是说,是在连接时查询服务器端的character_set_server值,再确定连接将使用的编码。 

   不过,官方文档还说,"要想覆盖客户端上的自动检测编码功能,可在用于连接到服务器的URL中使用“characterEncoding”属性。"

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