MySql:charset和collation的设置_MySQL
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MySql:charset和collation的设置
charset 和 collation 有多个级别的设置:服务器级、数据库级、表级、列级和连接级
1.服务器级
查看设置:show global variables like 'character_set_server'; 和 show global variables like 'collation_server';
修改设置:在OPTION FILE (/etc/mysql/my.cnf)里设置:
[mysqld]
character_set_server=utf8
collation_server=utf8_general_ci
2. 数据库级
查看设置:select * from information_schema.schemata where schema_name = 'cookbook';
设置:
1.若没有显式设置,则自动使用服务器级的配置
2.显式设置:在创建库时指定
create database playUtf8 DEFAULT CHARACTER SET latin1 COLLATE latin1_swedish_ci;
3.表级
查看设置:show create table course;
设置:
1.若没有显式设置,则自动使用数据库级的配置
2.显式设置:在创建表时指定
create table utf ( id int ) default charset=utf8 default collate=utf8_bin;
4.列级
查看设置:show create table course;
设置:
1.若没有显式设置,则自动使用表级的配置
2.显式设置:
CREATE TABLE Table1(column1 VARCHAR(5) CHARACTER SET latin1 COLLATE latin1_german1_ci);
5.连接级别
查看设置:
show variables like 'character_set_client'; # 服务端使用这个编码来理解客户端发来的statements
show variables like 'character_set_connection' ; # 我还不知道什么意思,等看了mysql源码再说
show variables like 'character_set_results'; # 服务端使用这个编码回送结果集和错误信息
设置:
客户端在连接时可以指定这些参数;同时,服务端也提供了一个Global范围的值,客户端未指定这些参数时,服务端就使用这个Global值。这个global值怎么设置的? 我查遍了很多文档,似乎还没看到设置的办法 (有人说通过my.cnf,或者在启动mysqld时指定命令行参数,其实都是错的)
附:connector/j传输SQL时用什么编码?
答案: "The character encoding between client and server is automatically detected upon connection. The encoding used by the driver is specified on the server using the character_set_server system variable for server versions 4.1.0 and newer."
也就是说,是在连接时查询服务器端的character_set_server值,再确定连接将使用的编码。
不过,官方文档还说,"要想覆盖客户端上的自动检测编码功能,可在用于连接到服务器的URL中使用“characterEncoding”属性。"
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