大文件跨网传输技巧_MySQL
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大文件跨网传输技巧
运维DBA跨网传输大文件就如同上茅厕下厨房一般无二
好的方法并非显而易见,且方法的优劣差异可能非常显著
常言道:蔬菜最后一公里价格翻一翻,即便不听常言
我们用迅雷下载常常驻足在99.9%,亦可窥见文件校验的昂贵
整个传输需要综合考量的因素颇多,这里我仅拿是否压缩来写
压缩无须做文件校验,且节省网络带宽,提高传输速度
相关资源如:CPU、内存、IO,最好用vmstat -n 5看IO或者CPU是否为瓶颈
切莫教条主义导致和数据库服务器争抢资源拖垮DB Server
因为压缩必然要增加CPU开销!
以下介绍4种方法
㈠ rsync
利用rsync的二进制差异算法,只在网间同步变化的数据,这是rsync优势所在。
在知道文件中大部分的内容都不需要传输的场景下,可以优先考虑使用rsync。
[plain] [mysql@even ~]$ rsync -av /backup/ -e ssh root@192.168.1.110:/bak root@192.168.1.110's password: sending incremental file list ./ cdio_bak.sql sent 1061815 bytes received 34 bytes 163361.38 bytes/sec total size is 1061575 speedup is 1.00 [mysql@even ~]$ mv cdio_bak.sql.bz2 /backup [mysql@even ~]$ rsync -av /backup/ -e ssh root@192.168.1.110:/bak root@192.168.1.110's password: sending incremental file list ./ cdio_bak.sql.bz2 sent 308 bytes received 34 bytes 76.00 bytes/sec total size is 1061757 speedup is 3104.55
显然,这次只同步了变化的308字节大小。
㈡ scp
这大概会是最简单的方法,但速度较慢,因为每步都要读写磁盘
[plain] [mysql@even ~]$ gzip -c cdio_bak.sql > cdio_bak.sql.gz [mysql@even ~]$ scp cdio_bak.sql.gz root@192.168.1.110:/bak [root@odd bak]# gunzip cdio_bak.sql.gz
㈢ 管道
一步到位,极大降低IO开销。平时我也是用这种。
[plain] [mysql@even ~]$ gzip -c cdio_bak.sql | ssh root@192.168.1.110 "gunzip -c - > /bak/cdio.sql"
㈣ nc
跨网ssh并非最佳,netcat能使数据在网间"裸奔",避免加密带来的系统开销。
[plain]
ODD机器[受]:
犹如饿坏了的宠物小狗,张着嘴等着小主人喂食
[root@odd ~]# nc -l -p 55555 | tar zxvf -
EVEN机器[攻]:
比如贪玩的小主人,往小狗嘴里倒东东
[root@even ~]# tar zcvf - mm | nc 192.168.1.110 55555
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