Home Database Mysql Tutorial MySQL笔记之修改表的实现方法_MySQL

MySQL笔记之修改表的实现方法_MySQL

Jun 01, 2016 pm 01:24 PM
mysql

bitsCN.com

我们在创建表的过程中难免会考虑不周,因此后期会修改表

修改表需要用到alter table语句


修改表名

mysql> alter table student rename person;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.03 sec)

这里的student是原名,person是修改过后的名字

用rename来重命名,也可以使用rename to

还有一种方法是rename table old_name to new_name


修改字段的数据类型

mysql> alter table person modify name varchar(20);
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.18 sec)
Records: 0  Duplicates: 0  Warnings: 0

此处modify后面的name为字段名,我们将原来的varchar(25)改为varchar(20)


修改字段名

mysql> alter table person change stu_name name varchar(25);
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.20 sec)
Records: 0  Duplicates: 0  Warnings: 0

这里stu_name是原名,name是新名

需要注意的是不管改不改数据类型,后面的数据类型都要写

如果不修改数据类型只需写成原来的数据类型即可

tips:我们同样可以使用change来达到modify的效果,只需在其后写一样的字段名


增加无完整性约束条件的字段

mysql> alter table person add sex boolean;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.21 sec)
Records: 0  Duplicates: 0  Warnings: 0

此处的sex后面只跟了数据类型,而没有完整性约束条件


增加有完整性约束条件的字段

mysql> alter table person add age int not null;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.17 sec)
Records: 0  Duplicates: 0  Warnings: 0

此处增加了一条age字段,接着在后面加上了not null完整性约束条件


增加额外的完整性约束条件

mysql> ALTER TABLE person ADD PRIMARY KEY(id);
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.18 sec)
Records: 0  Duplicates: 0  Warnings: 0

这里同样也用于多字段设置


在表头添加字段

mysql> alter table person add num int primary key first;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.20 sec)
Records: 0  Duplicates: 0  Warnings: 0

默认情况下添加字段都是添加到表尾,在添加语句后面加上first就能添加到表头


在指定位置添加字段

mysql> alter table person add birth date after name;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.20 sec)
Records: 0  Duplicates: 0  Warnings: 0

这里添加一条新字段放在name字段后面

 tips:表中字段的排序对表不会有什么影响,不过更合理的排序能便于理解表


删除字段

mysql> alter table person drop sex;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.18 sec)
Records: 0  Duplicates: 0  Warnings: 0

和前面删除表或数据库一样,这里也需要用drop

不同的是,删除字段还要用alter table跟着表名

修改字段到第一个位置

mysql> alter table person modify id int first;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.20 sec)
Records: 0  Duplicates: 0  Warnings: 0

first在前面已经讲过,此处要注意的是字段后面要写数据类型


修改字段到指定位置

mysql> alter table person modify name varchar(25) after id;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.18 sec)
Records: 0  Duplicates: 0  Warnings: 0

我们把name字段放到了id后面,此处的varchar(25)要写全,varchar不行

建议操作以上步骤之前都先desc table


修改表的存储引擎

mysql> alter table user rename person;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.05 sec)

这里先不具体讲各个存储引擎的特点,内容比较多

修改完之后别忘了使用show create table语句查看,第三节有写用法

tips:如果表中已存在很多数据,不要轻易修改存储引擎


增加表的外键

mysql> alter table score add constraint fk foreign key(stu_id) references student(id);
Query OK, 10 rows affected (0.18 sec)
Records: 10  Duplicates: 0  Warnings: 0

这里只需使用add增加即可,后面的语法参见第四节中的外键设置


删除主键

mysql> ALTER TABLE person DROP PRIMARY KEY;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.22 sec)
Records: 0  Duplicates: 0  Warnings: 0

由于主键没有别名,所以使用drop会删除所有主键


删除表的外键约束

mysql> alter table student3 drop foreign key fk;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.18 sec)
Records: 0  Duplicates: 0  Warnings: 0

由于基本的表结构描述无法显示外键,所以在进行此操作前最好使用show create table查看表

这里的fk就是刚刚设置的外键

需要注意的是:如果想要删除有关联的表,那么必先删除外键

删除外键后,原先的key变成普通键

至于删除表的操作,在第三节有写,设置外键在第四节也有写

如果创建表的时候没有设置外键,可使用上面的方法

bitsCN.com
Statement of this Website
The content of this article is voluntarily contributed by netizens, and the copyright belongs to the original author. This site does not assume corresponding legal responsibility. If you find any content suspected of plagiarism or infringement, please contact admin@php.cn

Hot AI Tools

Undresser.AI Undress

Undresser.AI Undress

AI-powered app for creating realistic nude photos

AI Clothes Remover

AI Clothes Remover

Online AI tool for removing clothes from photos.

Undress AI Tool

Undress AI Tool

Undress images for free

Clothoff.io

Clothoff.io

AI clothes remover

Video Face Swap

Video Face Swap

Swap faces in any video effortlessly with our completely free AI face swap tool!

Hot Tools

Notepad++7.3.1

Notepad++7.3.1

Easy-to-use and free code editor

SublimeText3 Chinese version

SublimeText3 Chinese version

Chinese version, very easy to use

Zend Studio 13.0.1

Zend Studio 13.0.1

Powerful PHP integrated development environment

Dreamweaver CS6

Dreamweaver CS6

Visual web development tools

SublimeText3 Mac version

SublimeText3 Mac version

God-level code editing software (SublimeText3)

MySQL: An Introduction to the World's Most Popular Database MySQL: An Introduction to the World's Most Popular Database Apr 12, 2025 am 12:18 AM

MySQL is an open source relational database management system, mainly used to store and retrieve data quickly and reliably. Its working principle includes client requests, query resolution, execution of queries and return results. Examples of usage include creating tables, inserting and querying data, and advanced features such as JOIN operations. Common errors involve SQL syntax, data types, and permissions, and optimization suggestions include the use of indexes, optimized queries, and partitioning of tables.

MySQL's Place: Databases and Programming MySQL's Place: Databases and Programming Apr 13, 2025 am 12:18 AM

MySQL's position in databases and programming is very important. It is an open source relational database management system that is widely used in various application scenarios. 1) MySQL provides efficient data storage, organization and retrieval functions, supporting Web, mobile and enterprise-level systems. 2) It uses a client-server architecture, supports multiple storage engines and index optimization. 3) Basic usages include creating tables and inserting data, and advanced usages involve multi-table JOINs and complex queries. 4) Frequently asked questions such as SQL syntax errors and performance issues can be debugged through the EXPLAIN command and slow query log. 5) Performance optimization methods include rational use of indexes, optimized query and use of caches. Best practices include using transactions and PreparedStatemen

How to connect to the database of apache How to connect to the database of apache Apr 13, 2025 pm 01:03 PM

Apache connects to a database requires the following steps: Install the database driver. Configure the web.xml file to create a connection pool. Create a JDBC data source and specify the connection settings. Use the JDBC API to access the database from Java code, including getting connections, creating statements, binding parameters, executing queries or updates, and processing results.

Why Use MySQL? Benefits and Advantages Why Use MySQL? Benefits and Advantages Apr 12, 2025 am 12:17 AM

MySQL is chosen for its performance, reliability, ease of use, and community support. 1.MySQL provides efficient data storage and retrieval functions, supporting multiple data types and advanced query operations. 2. Adopt client-server architecture and multiple storage engines to support transaction and query optimization. 3. Easy to use, supports a variety of operating systems and programming languages. 4. Have strong community support and provide rich resources and solutions.

How to start mysql by docker How to start mysql by docker Apr 15, 2025 pm 12:09 PM

The process of starting MySQL in Docker consists of the following steps: Pull the MySQL image to create and start the container, set the root user password, and map the port verification connection Create the database and the user grants all permissions to the database

MySQL's Role: Databases in Web Applications MySQL's Role: Databases in Web Applications Apr 17, 2025 am 12:23 AM

The main role of MySQL in web applications is to store and manage data. 1.MySQL efficiently processes user information, product catalogs, transaction records and other data. 2. Through SQL query, developers can extract information from the database to generate dynamic content. 3.MySQL works based on the client-server model to ensure acceptable query speed.

Laravel Introduction Example Laravel Introduction Example Apr 18, 2025 pm 12:45 PM

Laravel is a PHP framework for easy building of web applications. It provides a range of powerful features including: Installation: Install the Laravel CLI globally with Composer and create applications in the project directory. Routing: Define the relationship between the URL and the handler in routes/web.php. View: Create a view in resources/views to render the application's interface. Database Integration: Provides out-of-the-box integration with databases such as MySQL and uses migration to create and modify tables. Model and Controller: The model represents the database entity and the controller processes HTTP requests.

How to install mysql in centos7 How to install mysql in centos7 Apr 14, 2025 pm 08:30 PM

The key to installing MySQL elegantly is to add the official MySQL repository. The specific steps are as follows: Download the MySQL official GPG key to prevent phishing attacks. Add MySQL repository file: rpm -Uvh https://dev.mysql.com/get/mysql80-community-release-el7-3.noarch.rpm Update yum repository cache: yum update installation MySQL: yum install mysql-server startup MySQL service: systemctl start mysqld set up booting

See all articles