Home Database Mysql Tutorial 教您修复mysql数据库的方法_MySQL

教您修复mysql数据库的方法_MySQL

Jun 01, 2016 pm 01:14 PM
mysql repair database friend

会mysql的朋友都知道mysql在长时间使用过后数据库会出现一些问题,这就需要快速修复损坏mysql数据库以方便我们的工作和学习。下面小编为大家下面介绍两种快速检修 MySQL 数据库的方法。

本人常用这样的代码,直接放到mysql数据库目录里面


cmd /k myisamchk -r jb51_tablename

jb51_tablename是jb51_tablename.MYD的名称。运行以下就可以了。

有的时候因为掉电或者其他原因导致数据库损坏,我们可以使用mysql自带的mysqlcheck命令来快速修复所有的数据库或者特定的数据库;例如
检查优化并修复所有的数据库用:

1.先在运行中输入CMD,启动命令行.

2.进入Mysql的Bin目录:E:/Program Files/MySQL/MySQL Server 5.0/bin,如果不知道如何进入别的目录,就要参考网上的资料补习基础知识了.
常见方式:
运行 E:
运行 CD "E:/Program Files/MySQL/MySQL Server 5.0/bin"

3.运行:mysqlcheck -A -o -r -uroot -p888888
注意,将888888改成你自己的root用户密码

mysql.columns_priv                 OK
mysql.db                      OK
mysql.func                     OK
mysql.help_category                OK
mysql.help_keyword                 OK
mysql.help_relation                OK
mysql.help_topic                  OK
mysql.host                     OK
mysql.tables_priv                 OK
mysql.time_zone                  OK
mysql.time_zone_leap_second            OK
mysql.time_zone_name                OK
mysql.time_zone_transition             OK
mysql.time_zone_transition_type          OK
mysql.user                     OK
......
......
......

注意!


在修复过程中,如果看到有error的提示,表明这个表是坏的,无法修复的,对于含有坏表的的数据库,您只能删除它,或停止它,不然会影响整个Mysql的稳定,造成mysql自动停止.(提示"The storage engine for the table doesn't support repair"的表不需要处理)


如果修复太快看不到结果,可以运行
mysqlcheck -A -o -r -uroot -p888888 >>C:/test.txt

运行后打开test.txt就可以看到了. 
  
1、myisamchk

  使用 myisamchk 必须暂时停止 MySQL 服务器。例如,我们要检修 discuz 数据库。执行以下操作:


  # service mysql stop (停止 MySQL );
  # myisamchk -r /数据库文件的绝对路径/*MYI
  # service mysql start


  myisamchk 会自动检查并修复数据表中的索引错误。

2、mysqlcheck

  使用 mysqlcheck 无需停止 MySQL ,可以进行热修复。操作步骤如下:
  
># mysqlcheck -r discuz.*

小编提醒:无论是 myisamchk 还是 mysqlcheck ,一般情况下不要使用 -f 强制修复,-f 参数会在遇到一般修复无法成功的时候删除部分出错数据以尝试修复。所以,不到万不得已不要使用 -f。

以下是补充:

一张损坏的表的症状通常是查询意外中断并且你能看到例如这些错误:

◆ “tbl_name.frm”被锁定不能改变。

◆ 不能找到文件“tbl_name.MYI”(Errcode :### )。

◆ 从表处理器的得到错误###(此时,错误135是一个例外)。

◆ 意外的文件结束。

◆ 记录文件被毁坏。

在这些情况下,你必须修复表。表的修复是一项非常困难的工作,很多情况下令人束手无策。然而,有一些常规的知道思想和过程,可以遵循它们来增加修正表的机会。通常,开始是可以用最快的修复方法,看看能否袖珍故障。如果发现不成功,可以逐步升级到更彻底的但更慢的修复方法。如果仍旧难以修复,就应该从备份中恢复了。在上一章已经详细介绍了这一部分内容。

简单安全的修复

为了修复一个表执行下列步骤:

◆ 首先,用--recover,-r选项修正表,并且用--quick,-q选项,来只根据索引文件的内容进行恢复。这样不接触数据文件来修复索引文件。(-r意味着“恢复模式”)

myisamchk -r -q tbl_name
isamchk -r -q tbl_name


◆ 如果问题仍旧存在,则忽略--quick选项,允许修复程序修改数据文件,因为这可能存在问题。下面的命令将从数据文件中删除不正确的记录和已被删除的记录并重建索引文件:

myisamchk -r tbl_name
isamchk -r tbl_name


◆ 如果前面的步骤失败,使用。安全恢复模式使用一个老的恢复方法,处理常规恢复模式不行的少数情况(但是更慢)。

myisamchk --safe-recover tbl_name
isamchk --safe-recover tbl_name


困难的修理

如果在索引文件的第一个16K块被破坏,或包含不正确的信息,或如果索引文件丢失,你只应该到这个阶段 。在这种情况下,创建一个新的索引文件是必要的。按如下这样的步骤做:

◆ 定位到包含崩溃表的数据库目录中

◆ 把数据文件移更安全的地方。

◆ 使用表描述文件创建新的(空)数据和索引文件:

shell> mysql db_namemysql> DELETE FROM tbl_name;mysql> quit


上述语句将重新创建新的空表,并使用表的的描述文件tbl_name.frm重新生成新的数据和索引文件。

◆ 将老的数据文件拷贝到新创建的数据文件之中。(不要只是将老文件移回新文件之中;你要保留一个副本以防某些东西出错。)

◆ 在使用标准的修复方法。现在myisamchk -r -q应该工作了。(这不应该是一个无限循环)。

如果你拥有表的备份文件,那么一切过程就容易的多。从备份文件中可以恢复表的描述文件,然后在检查表,有可能还要继续使用标准的修复方法,应该纠可以解决问题了。

非常困难的修复

只有描述文件也破坏了,你才应该到达这个阶段。这应该从未发生过,因为在表被创建以后,描述文件就不再改变了。

从一个备份恢复描述文件并且回到阶段2。你也可以恢复索引文件并且回到阶段1。对于后者,你应该用myisamchk -r启动。

如果因为某种原因,数据的备份文件丢失或者没有备份文件,但是你还记得建立表的CREATE TABLE语句,那么太好了,这样还是可以恢复索引文件:

◆ 定位到包含崩溃表的数据库目录中

◆ 把数据文件移更安全的地方。再把数据库目录中的对应的目录删去.。

◆ 调用mysql并发复CREATE TABLE语句建立该表。

◆ 退出mysql,将原始的数据文件和索引文件移回到数据库的目录中,替换刚才新建的文件。

◆ 然后回到阶段2,修复表。也可以只移回数据文件,这样保留新的描述和索引文件,然后回到阶段1,继续用标准的方法修复表。

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