辛星解读mysql中的存储过程的优劣_MySQL
我们常用的SQL语句在执行的时候需要首先进行编译,然后执行,而存储过程则是一组为了完成特定功能的SQL语句集,它直接编译好了存储在数据库中,用户通过指定存储过程的名字即可调用该存储过程。
存储过程的优点主要包括以下几点:
第一点,性能提高。这是相对于不适用存储过程来说的,因为存储过程在创建的时候就编译好了,而后每次调用都不会再次编译,这相对于传统的SQL语句中每次调用都需要编译的情况来说,性能提高了何止一点两点。
第二点,重用性强。存储过程使用名字即可使用,也就是传说中的“一次编写,随便调用”。这样不仅提高了重用性,还减少了出错的几率,也会加快开发速度,可以说是一件非常好的事情。
第三点,减少网络流量。这一点对于小数据量的时候一般体现不出来,那么当数据量较大的时候,我们会发现由于使用存储过程比使用SQL语句会使用更少的字节数,因此它会降低传输的数据量。
第四点,安全性提高。由于存储过程也可以使用权限控制,而且参数化的存储过程可以防止SQL注入攻击,也在一定程度上保证了安全性。
第五点,灵活性增强。由于存储过程可以使用流程控制语句来编写,导致它有着很强的灵活性,可以根据实际情况来执行不同的SQL语句,而不是只能单纯的简单的执行命令。而且该存储过程还可以修改其逻辑而其他部分不用改变,也就是说,我们的表的结构改变了,我们只需要修改相应的存储过程即可,我们的Java或者PHP等程序不需要改变。
第六点,当业务复杂的时候,存储过程会减少工作量,为什么呢,原因很简单,如果我们不适用存储过程,那么就会导致我们先从数据库中取出来数据,然后经过计算,再放入到数据库中,这个开销还是蛮大的,这中间的开销包括我们的Java或者PHP程序连接数据库获取结果集等若干操作,如果我们使用了存储过程,那么就没有那么多事了,直接在mysql内就搞定了。
好,上面说完了存储过程的优点,当然存储过程也肯定有它的缺点,下面是它的几个缺点:
第一点,工作量加大。这里并不是说我们把程序该做的事让mysql去做不好,而是mysql本身并没有很像样的IDE来开发我们的存储过程,我们很多时候还是需要手写,这样就会比较麻烦,而且存储过程的调试也是一个问题,没有很像样的调试工具。
第二点,优势不明显。运行速度上,对于大多数的语句缓存来说,编译sql的时间开销并不是很大,但是执行存储过程还需要检查权限等一些其他开销,所以,对于很简单的sql,存储过程并没有很大优势。
第三点,赘余功能。对web程序来说,我们连接数据库的用户往往就是同一个,不需要太多的安全机制,所以,对于安全上的检测看上去很好,实际上优点多余。
第四点,小型程序完全无用。对于小型web应用来说,它的使用价值就更小了,反而会拖累开发进度。
第五点,对于运维上。当我们的程序要更换数据库的时候,它的移植性相对于不适用存储过程要复杂一些,对于维护上,由于是在db端,因此比server端的程序更好维护一些。

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