How to use WebSocket in golang for real-time data update
How to use WebSocket in Golang for real-time data updates
Overview:
WebSocket is a method for full duplex between a web browser and a server Communication technology designed for communication. In Golang, we can use net/http and github.com/gorilla/websocket in the standard library to implement WebSocket functionality. This article will introduce how to use WebSocket in Golang for real-time data updates and provide some code examples.
Steps:
Step One: Create HTTP Server
First, we need to create an HTTP server to handle WebSocket connection requests. Here is a simple example code:
package main
import (
"log"
"net/http"
)
func main() {
http.HandleFunc("/", func(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
http.ServeFile(w, r, "index.html")
})
log.Println("HTTP server is starting at http://localhost:8080")
log.Fatal(http.ListenAndServe(":8080", nil))
}This code creates a simple HTTP server that maps the root path ("/") to a file called index.html static files.
Step 2: Handle WebSocket connections
Next, we need to modify the code of the HTTP server so that it can handle WebSocket connection requests. We can use the github.com/gorilla/websocket library to handle WebSocket connections. The following is the modified sample code:
package main
import (
"log"
"net/http"
"github.com/gorilla/websocket"
)
var (
upgrader = websocket.Upgrader{
ReadBufferSize: 1024,
WriteBufferSize: 1024,
}
clients = make(map[*websocket.Conn]bool)
)
func main() {
http.HandleFunc("/", func(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
http.ServeFile(w, r, "index.html")
})
http.HandleFunc("/ws", func(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
conn, err := upgrader.Upgrade(w, r, nil)
if err != nil {
log.Println("Failed to upgrade connection:", err)
return
}
clients[conn] = true
for {
_, msg, err := conn.ReadMessage()
if err != nil {
log.Println("Failed to read message from client:", err)
delete(clients, conn)
break
}
for client := range clients {
err := client.WriteMessage(websocket.TextMessage, msg)
if err != nil {
log.Println("Failed to write message to client:", err)
client.Close()
delete(clients, conn)
}
}
}
})
log.Println("WebSocket server is starting at ws://localhost:8080/ws")
log.Fatal(http.ListenAndServe(":8080", nil))
} In this code, we create an upgrader object and define a clients variable to save all connections client. When there is a new WebSocket request, we upgrade the connection to a WebSocket connection and add it to the clients variable. Then, we read the message from the client through a loop and send the message to all connected clients.
Step 3: Create a front-end page
Finally, we need to create a front-end page to connect to the WebSocket server and display real-time data updates. The following is a simple HTML page example (index.html):
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<title>WebSocket Demo</title>
</head>
<body>
<h1 id="WebSocket-Demo">WebSocket Demo</h1>
<input type="text" id="message-input">
<button onclick="send()">Send</button>
<ul id="message-list"></ul>
<script>
var socket = new WebSocket("ws://localhost:8080/ws");
socket.onmessage = function(event) {
var message = document.createElement("li");
message.textContent = event.data;
document.getElementById("message-list").appendChild(message);
};
function send() {
var input = document.getElementById("message-input");
var message = input.value;
input.value = "";
socket.send(message);
}
</script>
</body>
</html>This code creates a WebSocket connection and listens to the onmessage event when a message arrives When, add the message to a ul element for display. In addition, an input box and a send button are provided so that users can enter messages and send them to the server via WebSocket.
Summary:
Through the above steps, we can use WebSocket in Golang for real-time data updates. By creating HTTP servers, handling WebSocket connections, and interacting with front-end pages, we can achieve real-time data communication in web applications. Of course, this is just a simple example and may need to be expanded and modified according to specific needs during actual use. I hope this article was helpful and I wish you success when using WebSocket!
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