Mysql性能优化小建议_MySQL
Mysql的性能优化主要参考文章[1],[2],和[3],其中已使用且比较有效果的有:
1. 实用优化
(1)禁止autocommit, 防止每次插入都提交,刷新log
SET autocommit=0; ... SQL import statements ... COMMIT;
(3)当只要一行数据时使用 LIMIT 1
SELECT 1 FROM tbl_name LIMIT 1
(4)永远为每张表设置一个ID
为数据库里的每张表都设置一个ID做为其主键,而且最好的是一个INT型的(推荐使用UNSIGNED),并设置上自动增加的AUTO_INCREMENT标志。
(5)一次插入多行
INSERT INTO yourtable VALUES (1,2), (5,5), ...;
2. 配置优化
下面对Disk I/O和query_cache的优化做一个总结,并假设我们使用的机器内存为8GB。以下的参数都在文件my.cnf的[mysqld]下设置。
(1)innodb_buffer_pool_size 和 innodb_log_file_size
建议设置大小来自文章[5]
# # Set buffer pool size to 50-80% of your computer's memory innodb_buffer_pool_size=4G innodb_additional_mem_pool_size=256M # # Set the log file size to about 25% of the buffer pool size innodb_log_file_size=1G innodb_log_buffer_size=256M
mysql -uroot -p... -e"SET GLOBAL innodb_fast_shutdown = 0" service mysqld stop rm -f /var/lib/mysql/ib_logfile[01] service mysqld start
(2)query_cache_size
参数的说明见文章[7] ,但并未提到建议大小,反而提到设置太大也会有坏处。本人设置的大小如下:
query_cache_type=1 query_cache_limit=2M query_cache_size=128M
设置完之后,执行以下操作便可:
service mysqld restart
innodb_flush_method设置成O_DIRECT还是O_DSYNC,文章[2]中说设置成O_DIRECT会增加性能,但在文章[8]和[2]中这两个参数在实际使用时差不多,并且跟具体使用的硬件相关。所以设置成O_DIRECT是否会优化性能,还不是很确定
(4)max_allowed_packet
此参数是当网络传输数据时,需要控制的参数,如果传输的数据太大(特别是当存在large BLOB columns or long strings数据时),超过max_allowed_packet的上限时,就有可能发生错误,所以就要提高此参数。本人的设置是:
max_allowed_packet = 16M
注:
1. 查看系统变量的一些命令
show variables like 'innodb_buffer%'; SHOW GLOBAL STATUS LIKE '%innodb%'; show global status like 'Qc%';


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