Table of Contents
1. 实用优化
2. 配置优化
Home Database Mysql Tutorial Mysql性能优化小建议_MySQL

Mysql性能优化小建议_MySQL

Jun 01, 2016 pm 01:01 PM
performance

Mysql的性能优化主要参考文章[1],[2],和[3],其中已使用且比较有效果的有:

1. 实用优化

(1)禁止autocommit, 防止每次插入都提交,刷新log

 

SET autocommit=0;
... SQL import statements ...
COMMIT;
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(2) 对频繁查询的字段建立索引,但要注意加入索引后,执行插入操作时会变慢

(3)当只要一行数据时使用 LIMIT 1

SELECT 1 FROM tbl_name LIMIT 1
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注:SELECT 1 是用来查看是否有记录的,并一般用作条件查询(normally it will be used with WHERE and often EXISTS), 返回的所有行的值都是1。效率上来说,1>anycol>*,因为不用查字典表。[4]

(4)永远为每张表设置一个ID
为数据库里的每张表都设置一个ID做为其主键,而且最好的是一个INT型的(推荐使用UNSIGNED),并设置上自动增加的AUTO_INCREMENT标志。

(5)一次插入多行

INSERT INTO yourtable VALUES (1,2), (5,5), ...;
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2. 配置优化

下面对Disk I/O和query_cache的优化做一个总结,并假设我们使用的机器内存为8GB。以下的参数都在文件my.cnf的[mysqld]下设置。

(1)innodb_buffer_pool_size 和 innodb_log_file_size

建议设置大小来自文章[5]

#
# Set buffer pool size to 50-80% of your computer's memory
innodb_buffer_pool_size=4G
innodb_additional_mem_pool_size=256M
#
# Set the log file size to about 25% of the buffer pool size
innodb_log_file_size=1G
innodb_log_buffer_size=256M
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怎么安全的更改这个配置,来自于[6]

mysql -uroot -p... -e"SET GLOBAL innodb_fast_shutdown = 0"
service mysqld stop
rm -f /var/lib/mysql/ib_logfile[01]
service mysqld start
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其中 service mysqld stop是centos下的命令,但ubuntu等其他Linux系统可能实用service mysql stop
(2)query_cache_size

参数的说明见文章[7] ,但并未提到建议大小,反而提到设置太大也会有坏处。本人设置的大小如下:

query_cache_type=1
query_cache_limit=2M
query_cache_size=128M
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其中query_chache_type=1表示打开查询缓存,query_cache_size是总的查询缓存大小,query_cahce_limit表示单个查询最大的缓存大小。

设置完之后,执行以下操作便可:

service mysqld restart
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(3) innodb_flush_method

innodb_flush_method设置成O_DIRECT还是O_DSYNC,文章[2]中说设置成O_DIRECT会增加性能,但在文章[8]和[2]中这两个参数在实际使用时差不多,并且跟具体使用的硬件相关。所以设置成O_DIRECT是否会优化性能,还不是很确定

(4)max_allowed_packet

此参数是当网络传输数据时,需要控制的参数,如果传输的数据太大(特别是当存在large BLOB columns or long strings数据时),超过max_allowed_packet的上限时,就有可能发生错误,所以就要提高此参数。本人的设置是:

max_allowed_packet = 16M
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注:

1. 查看系统变量的一些命令

show variables like 'innodb_buffer%';
SHOW GLOBAL STATUS LIKE '%innodb%';
show global status like 'Qc%';
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2. 本人的配置
\

 

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