How to achieve secure Linux SysOps management via SSH

How to achieve secure Linux SysOps management through SSH

Overview:
SSH (Secure Shell) is a remote login protocol that uses encryption technology to provide Secure remote connection. On Linux systems, SSH can be used for secure SysOps (system operation and maintenance) management. This article will introduce in detail how to implement secure Linux SysOps management through SSH and provide specific code examples.

1. Generate SSH key pair
To use SSH for secure SysOps management, you first need to generate an SSH key pair. The key pair includes a public key and a private key. The public key is used to encrypt data and the private key is used to decrypt data.

On Linux systems, you can use the following command to generate an SSH key pair:

$ ssh-keygen -t rsa -b 4096 -f ~/.ssh/id_rsa

This command will generate a 4096-bit RSA key pair and save the private key in ~/.ssh/id_rsa file, the public key is stored in the ~/.ssh/id_rsa.pub file.

2. Configure SSH server
To use SSH for remote SysOps management, you need to configure the SSH server on the target server. On the target server, edit the SSH server configuration file /etc/ssh/sshd_config and modify the following configuration items:

PermitRootLogin no               # 禁止使用root用户直接登录
PasswordAuthentication no       # 禁止通过密码进行认证
PubkeyAuthentication yes        # 启用公钥认证

After modifying the configuration file, restart the SSH server:

$ sudo service sshd restart

3. Configure SSH client
On the local computer, configure the SSH client to connect to the target server. Edit the SSH client configuration file ~/.ssh/config and add the following configuration:

Host myserver
    HostName <目标服务器IP>
    User <登录用户名>
    IdentityFile ~/.ssh/id_rsa
    Port <SSH服务器端口>

Change <target server IP>, <Log in Replace Username> and <SSH Server Port> with your actual information.

4. Use SSH for remote SysOps management
After the configuration is completed, you can use SSH to connect to the target server for remote SysOps management. Enter the following command in the terminal:

$ ssh myserver

This command will use the previously generated SSH key pair to authenticate and connect to the target server.

SSH also provides a wealth of features and options for managing remote servers. The following are some commonly used examples:

1. Copy files to the remote server:

$ scp <本地文件路径> myserver:<远程路径>

<Local file path> is the local file to be copied File path, <remote path> is the remote path on the target server.

2. Execute remote command:

$ ssh myserver '<命令>'

<Command> is the remote command to be executed.

3. Open SSH port forwarding on the remote server:

$ ssh -L <本地端口>:localhost:<远程端口> myserver

<Local port> is the port used for access on the local computer, <Remote Port> is the port on the target server.

Summary:
Implementing secure Linux SysOps management through SSH can protect the security and privacy of system data. This article describes how to generate an SSH key pair, configure an SSH server and SSH client, and provides examples of commonly used SSH commands. By properly configuring and using SSH, efficient and secure remote SysOps management can be achieved.

References:

1. OpenSSH official website: https://www.openssh.com/
2. Linux Command Line and Shell Script Programming Encyclopedia (3rd Edition) )

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