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9个必须知道的实用PHP函数和功能_PHP

Jun 01, 2016 pm 12:20 PM
function Function practical Know

即使使用 PHP 多年,也会偶然发现一些未曾了解的函数和功能。其中有些是非常有用的,但没有得到充分利用。并不是所有人都会从头到尾一页一页地阅读手册和函数参考!

1、任意参数数目的函数

你可能已经知道,PHP 允许定义可选参数的函数。但也有完全允许任意数目的函数参数的方法。以下是可选参数的例子:

以下为引用的内容:

// function with 2 optional arguments
function foo($arg1 = '', $arg2 = '') {

 echo "arg1: $arg1\n";
 echo "arg2: $arg2\n";

}

foo('hello','world');
/* prints:
arg1: hello
arg2: world
*/

foo();
/* prints:
arg1:
arg2:
*/

现在让我们看看如何建立能够接受任何参数数目的函数。这一次需要使用 func_get_args() 函数:

以下为引用的内容:

// yes, the argument list can be empty
function foo() {

 // returns an array of all passed arguments
 $args = func_get_args();

 foreach ($args as $k => $v) {
  echo "arg".($k+1).": $v\n";
 }

}

foo();
/* prints nothing */

foo('hello');
/* prints
arg1: hello
*/

foo('hello', 'world', 'again');
/* prints
arg1: hello
arg2: world
arg3: again
*/

2、使用 Glob() 查找文件

许多 PHP 函数具有长描述性的名称。然而可能会很难说出 glob() 函数能做的事情,除非你已经通过多次使用并熟悉了它。可以把它看作是比 scandir() 函数更强大的版本,可以按照某种模式搜索文件。

以下为引用的内容:

// get all php files
$files = glob('*.php');

print_r($files);
/* output looks like:
Array
(
    [0] => phptest.php
    [1] => pi.php
    [2] => post_output.php
    [3] => test.php
)
*/

你可以像这样获得多个文件:

以下为引用的内容:

// get all php files AND txt files
$files = glob('*.{php,txt}', GLOB_BRACE);

print_r($files);
/* output looks like:
Array
(
    [0] => phptest.php
    [1] => pi.php
    [2] => post_output.php
    [3] => test.php
    [4] => log.txt
    [5] => test.txt
)
*/

请注意,这些文件其实是可以返回一个路径,这取决于查询条件:

以下为引用的内容:

$files = glob('../images/a*.jpg');

print_r($files);
/* output looks like:
Array
(
    [0] => ../images/apple.jpg
    [1] => ../images/art.jpg
)
*/

如果你想获得每个文件的完整路径,你可以调用 realpath() 函数:

以下为引用的内容:

$files = glob('../images/a*.jpg');

// applies the function to each array element
$files = array_map('realpath',$files);

print_r($files);
/* output looks like:
Array
(
    [0] => C:\wamp\www\images\apple.jpg
    [1] => C:\wamp\www\images\art.jpg
)
*/

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