How to optimize read and write operations in C++ big data development?

How to optimize read and write operations in C big data development?

Introduction:
When processing big data, read and write operations are common tasks. As a high-performance programming language, C has the ability to efficiently process big data. This article will introduce how to optimize read and write operations in C big data development to improve program execution efficiency.

1. Use memory mapping to improve reading and writing speed
For reading and writing large data files, the conventional method is to use stream operations or file pointers to read and write. However, this approach may result in frequent disk reads and writes, reducing program execution efficiency. Using memory mapping, files can be mapped directly into memory, thereby avoiding multiple disk read and write operations.

Sample code:

#include <iostream>
#include <fstream>
#include <sys/mman.h>
#include <fcntl.h>
#include <unistd.h>

#define FILE_SIZE 1024*1024*1024  // 1GB

int main() {
    int fd = open("data.bin", O_RDWR | O_CREAT | O_TRUNC, 0666);
    if (fd == -1) {
        std::cout << "Failed to open file!" << std::endl;
        return -1;
    }
    int res = lseek(fd, FILE_SIZE - 1, SEEK_SET);
    if (res == -1) {
        std::cout << "Failed to lseek!" << std::endl;
        close(fd);
        return -1;
    }
    res = write(fd, "", 1);
    if (res != 1) {
        std::cout << "Failed to write!" << std::endl;
        close(fd);
        return -1;
    }
    char* data = (char*) mmap(NULL, FILE_SIZE, PROT_READ | PROT_WRITE, MAP_SHARED, fd, 0);
    if (data == MAP_FAILED) {
        std::cout << "Failed to mmap!" << std::endl;
        close(fd);
        return -1;
    }
    // 对于大数据文件进行读写操作
    strcpy(data, "Hello, World!");  // 写入数据
    std::cout << data << std::endl;  // 读取数据
    // 释放内存映射
    res = munmap(data, FILE_SIZE);
    if (res == -1) {
        std::cout << "Failed to munmap!" << std::endl;
        close(fd);
        return -1;
    }
    close(fd);
    return 0;
}

2. Use asynchronous IO to improve concurrency performance
In big data development, it is often necessary to handle a large number of concurrent read and write operations. The traditional synchronous IO method will cause each read and write operation to wait for other operations to complete, thereby reducing the execution efficiency of the program. Using the asynchronous IO method, you can perform other operations while waiting for certain operations to complete, thereby improving concurrency performance.

Sample code:

#include <iostream>
#include <fstream>
#include <vector>
#include <algorithm>
#include <sys/types.h>
#include <sys/stat.h>
#include <fcntl.h>
#include <aio.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#include <string.h>

#define BUFFER_SIZE 1024

void read_callback(sigval_t sigval) {
    aiocb* aio = (aiocb*)sigval.sival_ptr;
    int res = aio_error(aio);
    if (res != 0) {
        std::cout << "Failed to read!" << std::endl;
    } else {
        std::cout << aio->aio_buf << std::endl;  // 输出读取的数据
    }
    aio_result(aio);
    delete aio;
}

void write_callback(sigval_t sigval) {
    aiocb* aio = (aiocb*)sigval.sival_ptr;
    int res = aio_error(aio);
    if (res != 0) {
        std::cout << "Failed to write!" << std::endl;
    }
    aio_result(aio);
    delete aio;
}

void async_read_write(const char* from, const char* to) {
    int input_fd = open(from, O_RDONLY);
    int output_fd = open(to, O_WRONLY | O_CREAT | O_TRUNC, 0666);
    
    std::vector<char> buffer(BUFFER_SIZE);
    aiocb* aio_read = new aiocb{};
    aio_read->aio_fildes = input_fd;
    aio_read->aio_buf = buffer.data();
    aio_read->aio_nbytes = BUFFER_SIZE;
    aio_read->aio_offset = 0;
    aio_read->aio_lio_opcode = LIO_READ;
    aio_read->aio_sigevent.sigev_notify = SIGEV_THREAD;
    aio_read->aio_sigevent.sigev_notify_function = read_callback;
    aio_read->aio_sigevent.sigev_value.sival_ptr = aio_read;
    
    aiocb* aio_write = new aiocb{};
    aio_write->aio_fildes = output_fd;
    aio_write->aio_buf = buffer.data();
    aio_write->aio_nbytes = BUFFER_SIZE;
    aio_write->aio_offset = 0;
    aio_write->aio_lio_opcode = LIO_WRITE;
    aio_write->aio_sigevent.sigev_notify = SIGEV_THREAD;
    aio_write->aio_sigevent.sigev_notify_function = write_callback;
    aio_write->aio_sigevent.sigev_value.sival_ptr = aio_write;
    
    std::vector<aiocb*> aiocb_list = {aio_read, aio_write};
    lio_listio(LIO_WAIT, aiocb_list.data(), aiocb_list.size(), nullptr);
    
    close(input_fd);
    close(output_fd);
}

int main() {
    async_read_write("data.bin", "data_copy.bin");
    return 0;
}

Conclusion:
By using memory mapping and asynchronous IO methods, the execution efficiency of read and write operations in C big data development can be effectively improved. Especially for large files or scenarios that need to handle a large number of concurrent reads and writes, these optimization methods will be able to give full play to their greatest advantages and improve program performance.

Note: In order to facilitate understanding, the sample code is just a starting point. In actual development, code design and optimization need to be based on specific business needs, and testing and performance optimization need to be carried out based on actual conditions.

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