Home Backend Development PHP Tutorial 深入Nginx + PHP 缓存详解_PHP

深入Nginx + PHP 缓存详解_PHP

Jun 01, 2016 pm 12:04 PM
nginx php cache

Nginx

Nginx缓存
nginx有两种缓存机制:fastcgi_cache和proxy_cache
下面我们来说说这两种缓存机制的区别吧
proxy_cache
作用是缓存后端服务器的内容,可能是任何内容,包括静态的和动态的
fastcgi_cache作用是缓存fastcgi生成的内容,很多情况是php生成的动态内容
proxy_cache缓存减少了nginx与后端通信的次数,节省了传输时间和后端带宽
fastcgi_cache缓存减少了nginx与php的通信次数,更减轻了php和数据库的压力。
proxy_cache缓存设置
复制代码 代码如下:
#注:proxy_temp_path和proxy_cache_path指定的路径必须在同一分区
proxy_temp_path /data0/proxy_temp_dir;
#设置Web缓存区名称为cache_one,内存缓存空间大小为200MB,1天没有被访问的内容自动清除,硬盘缓存空间大小为30GB。
proxy_cache_path /data0/proxy_cache_dir levels=1:2 keys_zone=cache_one:200m inactive=1d max_size=30g;
server
{
listen 80;
server_name www.yourdomain.com 192.168.8.42;
index index.html index.htm;
root /data0/htdocs/www;
location /
{
#如果后端的服务器返回502、504、执行超时等错误,自动将请求转发到upstream负载均衡池中的另一台服务器,实现故障转移。
proxy_next_upstream http_502 http_504 error timeout invalid_header;
proxy_cache cache_one;
#对不同的HTTP状态码设置不同的缓存时间
proxy_cache_valid 200 304 12h;
#以域名、URI、参数组合成Web缓存的Key值,Nginx根据Key值哈希,存储缓存内容到二级缓存目录内
proxy_cache_key $host$uri$is_args$args;
proxy_set_header Host $host;
proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-For $remote_addr;
proxy_pass http://backend_server;
expires 1d;
}
#用于清除缓存,假设一个URL为http://192.168.8.42/test.txt,通过访问http://192.168.8.42/purge/test.txt就可以清除该URL的缓存。
location ~ /purge(/.*)
{
#设置只允许指定的IP或IP段才可以清除URL缓存。
allow 127.0.0.1;
allow 192.168.0.0/16;
deny all;
proxy_cache_purge cache_one $host$1$is_args$args;
}
#扩展名以.php、.jsp、.cgi结尾的动态应用程序不缓存。
location ~ .*\.(php|jsp|cgi)?$
{
proxy_set_header Host $host;
proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-For $remote_addr;
proxy_pass http://backend_server;
}
access_log off;
}
}

fastcgi_cache缓存设置
复制代码 代码如下:
#定义缓存存放的文件夹
fastcgi_cache_path /tt/cache levels=1:2 keys_zone=NAME:2880m inactive=2d max_size=10G;
#定义缓存不同的url请求
fastcgi_cache_key "$scheme$request_method$host$uri$arg_filename$arg_x$arg_y";
server {
listen 8080;
server_name www.example .com;
location / {
root /www;
index index.html index.htm index.php;
}
location ~ (|.php)$ {
root /www;
fastcgi_pass 127.0.0.1:9000;
fastcgi_cache NAME;
fastcgi_cache_valid 200 48h;
fastcgi_cache_min_uses 1;
fastcgi_cache_use_stale error timeout invalid_header http_500;
fastcgi_index index.php;
fastcgi_param SCRIPT_FILENAME /scripts$fastcgi_script_name;
include fastcgi.conf;
#设置缓存的过程中发现无法获取cookie,经查需要定义这句话
fastcgi_pass_header Set-Cookie;
}
log_format access '$remote_addr - $remote_user [$time_local] "$request" '
'$status $body_bytes_sent "$http_referer" '
'"$http_user_agent" $http_x_forwarded_for';
access_log /httplogs/access.log access;
}

总的来说 nginx的proxy_cache和fastcgi_cache的缓存配置差不多。
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
memcache缓存
在讨论memcache缓存之前,我们先了解下mysql的内存缓存吧
mysql的内存缓存可以在my.cnf中指定大小:内存表和临时表不同,临时表也是存放内存中,临时表最大的内存需要通过tmp_table_size=128M设定。当数据查过临时表的最大值设定时,自动转为磁盘表,此时因需要进行IO操作,性能会大大下降,而内存表不会,内存满了后,会提示数据满错误。
例:
复制代码 代码如下:
create table test
(
id int unsigned not null auto_increment primary key
state char(10),
type char(20),
date char(30)
)engine=memory default charset=utf8

内存表的特性:
1.内存表的表定义存放在磁盘上,扩展名为.frm,所以重启不会丢失
2.内存表的数据是存放在内存中,重启会丢失数据
3.内存表使用一个固定的长度格式
4.内存表不支持blob或text列,比如varchar与text字段就不会被支持
5.内存表支持auto_increment列和对可包含null值的列的索引
6.内存表不支持事物
7.内存表是表锁,当修改频繁时,性能可能会下降

下面我们来看看memcache,相对而言mysql的内存表限制较多。
memcache的用途
1.提高系统的并发能力
2.减轻数据库的负担
注:memcache linux系统32位只支持4G内存,同时memcache最长保存时间为30天。

Statement of this Website
The content of this article is voluntarily contributed by netizens, and the copyright belongs to the original author. This site does not assume corresponding legal responsibility. If you find any content suspected of plagiarism or infringement, please contact admin@php.cn

Hot AI Tools

Undresser.AI Undress

Undresser.AI Undress

AI-powered app for creating realistic nude photos

AI Clothes Remover

AI Clothes Remover

Online AI tool for removing clothes from photos.

Undress AI Tool

Undress AI Tool

Undress images for free

Clothoff.io

Clothoff.io

AI clothes remover

Video Face Swap

Video Face Swap

Swap faces in any video effortlessly with our completely free AI face swap tool!

Hot Tools

Notepad++7.3.1

Notepad++7.3.1

Easy-to-use and free code editor

SublimeText3 Chinese version

SublimeText3 Chinese version

Chinese version, very easy to use

Zend Studio 13.0.1

Zend Studio 13.0.1

Powerful PHP integrated development environment

Dreamweaver CS6

Dreamweaver CS6

Visual web development tools

SublimeText3 Mac version

SublimeText3 Mac version

God-level code editing software (SublimeText3)

PHP's Purpose: Building Dynamic Websites PHP's Purpose: Building Dynamic Websites Apr 15, 2025 am 12:18 AM

PHP is used to build dynamic websites, and its core functions include: 1. Generate dynamic content and generate web pages in real time by connecting with the database; 2. Process user interaction and form submissions, verify inputs and respond to operations; 3. Manage sessions and user authentication to provide a personalized experience; 4. Optimize performance and follow best practices to improve website efficiency and security.

PHP and Python: Different Paradigms Explained PHP and Python: Different Paradigms Explained Apr 18, 2025 am 12:26 AM

PHP is mainly procedural programming, but also supports object-oriented programming (OOP); Python supports a variety of paradigms, including OOP, functional and procedural programming. PHP is suitable for web development, and Python is suitable for a variety of applications such as data analysis and machine learning.

PHP and Python: Code Examples and Comparison PHP and Python: Code Examples and Comparison Apr 15, 2025 am 12:07 AM

PHP and Python have their own advantages and disadvantages, and the choice depends on project needs and personal preferences. 1.PHP is suitable for rapid development and maintenance of large-scale web applications. 2. Python dominates the field of data science and machine learning.

How to check the name of the docker container How to check the name of the docker container Apr 15, 2025 pm 12:21 PM

You can query the Docker container name by following the steps: List all containers (docker ps). Filter the container list (using the grep command). Gets the container name (located in the "NAMES" column).

Why Use PHP? Advantages and Benefits Explained Why Use PHP? Advantages and Benefits Explained Apr 16, 2025 am 12:16 AM

The core benefits of PHP include ease of learning, strong web development support, rich libraries and frameworks, high performance and scalability, cross-platform compatibility, and cost-effectiveness. 1) Easy to learn and use, suitable for beginners; 2) Good integration with web servers and supports multiple databases; 3) Have powerful frameworks such as Laravel; 4) High performance can be achieved through optimization; 5) Support multiple operating systems; 6) Open source to reduce development costs.

PHP: Handling Databases and Server-Side Logic PHP: Handling Databases and Server-Side Logic Apr 15, 2025 am 12:15 AM

PHP uses MySQLi and PDO extensions to interact in database operations and server-side logic processing, and processes server-side logic through functions such as session management. 1) Use MySQLi or PDO to connect to the database and execute SQL queries. 2) Handle HTTP requests and user status through session management and other functions. 3) Use transactions to ensure the atomicity of database operations. 4) Prevent SQL injection, use exception handling and closing connections for debugging. 5) Optimize performance through indexing and cache, write highly readable code and perform error handling.

Choosing Between PHP and Python: A Guide Choosing Between PHP and Python: A Guide Apr 18, 2025 am 12:24 AM

PHP is suitable for web development and rapid prototyping, and Python is suitable for data science and machine learning. 1.PHP is used for dynamic web development, with simple syntax and suitable for rapid development. 2. Python has concise syntax, is suitable for multiple fields, and has a strong library ecosystem.

How to configure nginx in Windows How to configure nginx in Windows Apr 14, 2025 pm 12:57 PM

How to configure Nginx in Windows? Install Nginx and create a virtual host configuration. Modify the main configuration file and include the virtual host configuration. Start or reload Nginx. Test the configuration and view the website. Selectively enable SSL and configure SSL certificates. Selectively set the firewall to allow port 80 and 443 traffic.

See all articles