Nginx regular inspection and slimming practice

Nginx is a high-performance web server and reverse proxy server. It is widely used in enterprise applications due to its extremely strong concurrency, lightweight, fast and flexible configuration characteristics. However, due to the increase in the number of users, business stratification, and diversified configurations, Nginx needs to be regularly inspected and downsized after running for a long time, so as to ensure its high reliability and efficiency. In this article, we will introduce Nginx’s scheduled inspection and slimming practices.

1. Determine the strategies and principles for scheduled inspections

For Nginx’s scheduled inspections, we need to formulate detailed strategies and principles to ensure the comprehensiveness and accuracy of the inspections. Specifically:

1. Determine the time interval for inspections: Usually we recommend conducting inspections once a week.
2. Clearly define the content of the inspection: The inspection needs to analyze the entire level of the server, including the basic configuration of Nginx, website domain name, certificate check, Upstream and other service settings. Safety inspections should also be carried out throughout the entire inspection process.
3. Timely sorting and summarizing the problems found: Inspection is to better discover problems, so it is necessary to record and sort out the inspection report in time to facilitate the next step to solve the problem. At the same time, these reports are also helpful for comparison and reference during subsequent inspections.
4. Inspection should be classified according to various situations: for example, based on the port used by Nginx, the number of websites, etc.

2. Inspection of Nginx

Next, we will conduct inspection step by step:

1. Detect the basic configuration of Nginx

We need to check whether a series of default Nginx configuration options are enabled, including worker_processes and worker_connections. Also check other options such as:

(1) keepalive_requests: Keepalive request settings

(2) sendfile: whether Sendfile is turned on

(3) client_max_body_size: forwarded The upper limit of the request size

(4) gzip: Gzip’s compression settings

You can use the following command to view:

View the number of Nginx worker processes

nginx -V

Check whether Nginx enables sendfile

nginx -t

Check whether Nginx enables gzip

cat /etc/nginx/nginx. conf | grep gzip

2. Check the host configuration of Nginx

In this step, we mainly check the host configuration of Nginx. You can use the following command to view:

Check Nginx host configuration

/nginx -t

You can check whether the Nginx configuration file is correct through the above command.

3. Check the SSL configuration of Nginx

In the process of configuring the SSL certificate, we recommend using a newer TLS protocol version and specifying the encryption algorithm and key length. Ensure the security of SSL certificates. You can use the following instructions to check the SSL configuration:

Check whether Nginx enables SSL and Stream SSL functions

nginx -V

Check whether the certificate is available

openssl s_client -connect www.example.com:443 < /dev/null | openssl x509 -text

Note that if the certificate is unavailable, it needs to be updated.

4. Check Nginx's Upstream

Upstream is responsible for handling the interaction with the back-end server in Nginx, so checking the running status of Upstream is critical to the performance and stability of the entire Nginx service. Very important. You can use the following command to view Upstream:

Check the availability of the Upstream service

curl -I server/backend-server | head -1

If the status of Upstream is abnormal, you need Check health and connectivity to determine the cause of the problem. If the problem is related to configuration files, it is recommended to back up and manually enable the most recent available backup file.

3. Slimming down Nginx

After we complete the inspection, we also need to slim down Nginx to improve its performance. We can take the following measures:

1. Streamline Nginx modules

In the design of Nginx, there are many built-in modules and third-party modules that you can choose to use. In order to improve the performance of Nginx, we need to streamline the number of modules and use the minimum modules to meet business needs. We can use the following command to view Nginx modules:

View currently enabled Nginx modules

nginx -V

2. Optimize Nginx cache

Nginx’s cache can significantly improve performance. We can use gzip for server-side compression, adopt caching strategies to reduce the number of client requests, avoid repeated compression processes, and use memcache to optimize Nginx’s cache settings, which can further improve its performance. .

3. Optimize Nginx’s static resource processing

For static resources in Nginx, you can usually enable gzip compression or use CDN acceleration services. Static resource performance can generally be further improved by using caching strategies and further compression to reduce network traffic.

4. Summary

Inspection and slimming are crucial to the normal operation of Nginx. We need to establish inspection policies and processes and conduct comprehensive inspections to discover and solve Nginx problems. At the same time, slimming down Nginx can further improve its performance and reduce unnecessary service overhead. Establishing a regular inspection and slimming mechanism will make Nginx more reliable and stable.

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