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PHP实现抓取HTTPS内容_PHP

May 31, 2016 pm 06:15 PM
php

最近在研究Hacker News API时遇到一个HTTPS问题。因为所有的Hacker News API都是通过加密的HTTPS协议访问的,跟普通的HTTP协议不同,当使用PHP里的函数 file_get_contents() 来获取API里提供的数据时,出现错误,使用的代码是这样的:

<?php <br />$data = file_get_contents("https://hacker-news.firebaseio.com/v0/topstories.json?print=pretty");<br>......
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当运行上面的代码是遇到下面的错误提示:

PHP Warning:  file_get_contents(): Unable to find the wrapper "https" - did you forget to enable it when you configured PHP?
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下面是截图:

php https error

为什么会出现这样的错误?

在网上经过一番搜索,发现遇到这样错误的人还不少,问题很直接,是因为在PHP的配置文件里没有开启一个参数,在我本机上是 /apache/bin/php.ini 里的 ;extension=php_openssl.dll 这一项,需要将前面的分号去掉。你可以用下面的脚本来检查你的PHP环境的配置:

$w = stream_get_wrappers();<br>echo 'openssl: ',  extension_loaded  ('openssl') ? 'yes':'no', "\n";<br>echo 'http wrapper: ', in_array('http', $w) ? 'yes':'no', "\n";<br>echo 'https wrapper: ', in_array('https', $w) ? 'yes':'no', "\n";<br>echo 'wrappers: ', var_dump($w);
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运行上面的这个脚本片段,在我的机器上得到的结果是:

openssl: no<br>http wrapper: yes<br>https wrapper: no<br>wrappers: array(10) {<br>  [0]=><br>  string(3) "php"<br>  [1]=><br>  string(4) "file"<br>  [2]=><br>  string(4) "glob"<br>  [3]=><br>  string(4) "data"<br>  [4]=><br>  string(4) "http"<br>  [5]=><br>  string(3) "ftp"<br>  [6]=><br>  string(3) "zip"<br>  [7]=><br>  string(13) "compress.zlib"<br>  [8]=><br>  string(14) "compress.bzip2"<br>  [9]=><br>  string(4) "phar"<br>}
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替代方案

发现错误,改正错误,这很简单,困难的是,发现错误后无法改正错误。我原本是想将这个脚本方法远程主机上,但我无法修改远程主机的PHP配置,结果是,我无法使用这一方案,但我们不能在一棵树上吊死,这条路走不通,看看有没有其它路。

另外一个我经常用的PHP里抓取内容的函数是 curl ,它比 file_get_contents() 更强大,提供了很多的可选参数。对于访问 HTTPS 内容的问题,我们需要使用的 CURL 配置参数是:

curl_setopt($ch, CURLOPT_SSL_VERIFYPEER, FALSE);
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你可以从语义上看出,它是忽略/跳过了SSL安全验证。也许这不是一个很好的做法,但对于普通的场景中,这几经足够了。

下面是利用 Curl 封装的一个能访问HTTPS内容的函数:

function getHTTPS($url) {<br>  $ch = curl_init();<br>  curl_setopt($ch, CURLOPT_SSL_VERIFYPEER, FALSE);<br>  curl_setopt($ch, CURLOPT_HEADER, false);<br>  curl_setopt($ch, CURLOPT_FOLLOWLOCATION, true);<br>  curl_setopt($ch, CURLOPT_URL, $url);<br>  curl_setopt($ch, CURLOPT_REFERER, $url);<br>  curl_setopt($ch, CURLOPT_RETURNTRANSFER, TRUE);<br>  $result = curl_exec($ch);<br>  curl_close($ch);<br>  return $result;<br>}
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以上就是php获取https内容的全部过程了,很简单很实用,推荐给有相同项目需求的小伙伴。

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