nginx ip blacklist dynamic ban method

1.方案

黑名单持久化到mysql （常见的方案是redis，但不利于控制，如：不同的ip设置不同的有效期、ip的crud、统计等等）；

通过lua-nginx-module，在nginx中开辟一块内存（lua_shared_dict），lua将黑名单定期从mysql全量刷新至lua_shared_dict；

所有请求，都要到与lua_shared_dict中的ip check一下。

2.安装

2.1 安装luajit

cd luajit-2.0.5
make
make install prefix=/usr/local/luajit

2.2.安装nginx时，将lua模块编译进去

export luajit_lib=/usr/local/luajit/lib
export luajit_inc=/usr/local/luajit/include/luajit-2.1
 
./configure --prefix=/nginx \
--with-ld-opt="-wl,-rpath,/usr/local/luajit/lib" \
--add-module=/opt/ngx_devel_kit-0.3.1rc1 \
--add-module=/opt/lua-nginx-module-0.10.14rc3
 
make -j2
make install
ln -s /nginx/sbin/nginx /usr/sbin/nginx

3.配置

3.1 nginx配置

http {
  server_tokens off;
  lua_package_path "/usr/local/lib/lua/?.lua;;";
  lua_shared_dict ip_blacklist 4m;
}
 
server {
  set $real_ip $remote_addr;
  if ( $http_x_forwarded_for ~ "^(\d+\.\d+\.\d+\.\d+)" ) {
    set $real_ip $1;
  }
 
  # 管理信息，访问该url可以查看nginx中的ip黑名单信息
  location /get-ipblacklist-info {
    access_by_lua_file conf/lua/get_ipblacklist_info.lua;
  }
 
  # 同步url，通过定时任务调用该url,实现ip黑名单从mysql到nginx的定时刷新
  location /sync-ipblacklist {
   access_by_lua_file conf/lua/sync_ipblacklist.lua;
  }
 
  # 生产域名配置，所有需要ip黑名单控制的location，都要包含以下语句
  location / {
   access_by_lua_file conf/lua/check_realip.lua;
  }
 
}

nginx服务器配置以下crrontab

* * * * * /usr/bin/curl -o /dev/null -s http://127.0.0.1/sync-ipblacklist > /dev/null 2>&1

3.2 lua脚本

sync_ipblacklist.lua

local mysql_host = "ip of mysql server"
local mysql_port = 3306
local database = "dbname"
local username = "user"
local password = "password"
 
-- update ip_blacklist from mysql once every cache_ttl seconds
local cache_ttl  = 1
local mysql_connection_timeout = 1000
 
local client_ip  = ngx.var.real_ip
local ip_blacklist  = ngx.shared.ip_blacklist
local last_update_time = ip_blacklist:get("last_update_time");
 
if last_update_time == nil or last_update_time < ( ngx.now() - cache_ttl ) then
 
 local mysql = require "resty.mysql";
 local red = mysql:new();
 
 red:set_timeout(mysql_connect_timeout);
 
 local ok, err, errcode, sqlstate = red:connect{
     host = mysql_host,
     port = mysql_port,
     database = database,
     user = username,
     password = password,
     charset = "utf8",
     max_packet_size = 1024 * 1024,
    }
 if not ok then
 ngx.log(ngx.err, "mysql connection error while retrieving ip_blacklist: " .. err);
 else
 new_ip_blacklist, err, errcode, sqlstate = red:query("select ip_addr from ip_blacklist where status = 0 order by create_time desc limit 10000", 100)
 if not new_ip_blacklist then
  ngx.log(ngx.err, "bad result. errcode: " .. errcode .. " sqlstate: " .. sqlstate .. " err: " .. err);
  return
 end
 
 ip_blacklist:flush_all();
 for k1, v1 in pairs(new_ip_blacklist) do
  for k2, v2 in pairs(v1) do
  ip_blacklist:set(v2,true);
  end
 end
 
 ip_blacklist:set("last_update_time", ngx.now());
 end
end
 
ngx.say("sync successful");

get_ipblacklist_info.lua

-- 调用url查看黑名单信息
-- 1万ip消耗不到1.5m ngx.shared内存
-- 获取所有key会堵塞别的正常请求对ngx.shared内存的访问，因此只能取少数key展示
require "resty.core.shdict"
ngx.say("total space: " .. ngx.shared.ip_blacklist:capacity() .. "<br/>");
ngx.say("free space: " .. ngx.shared.ip_blacklist:free_space() .. "<br/>");
ngx.say("last update time: " .. os.date("%y%m%d_%h:%m:%s",ngx.shared.ip_blacklist:get("last_update_time")) .. "<br/>");
ngx.say("first 100 keys: <br/>");
ngx.say("--------------------------<br/>");
ip_blacklist = ngx.shared.ip_blacklist:get_keys(100);
for key, value in pairs(ip_blacklist) do
 ngx.say(key .. ": " .. value .. "<br/>");
end

check_realip.lua

if ngx.shared.ip_blacklist:get(ngx.var.real_ip) then
 return ngx.exit(ngx.http_forbidden);
end

3.3 数据库设计

create table `ip_blacklist` (
 `id` int(11) not null auto_increment,
 `ip_addr` varchar(15) collate utf8mb4_bin default null,
 `status` int(11) default '0' comment '0: valid 有效, 1: invalid 失效',
 `effective_hour` decimal(11,2) default '24' comment '有效期，单位：小时',
 `ip_source` varchar(255) collate utf8mb4_bin default null comment '黑名单来源',
 `create_time` datetime default current_timestamp,
 `modify_time` datetime default current_timestamp on update current_timestamp,
 `remark` varchar(255) collate utf8mb4_bin default null comment '备注',
 primary key (`id`)
) engine=innodb default charset=utf8mb4 collate=utf8mb4_bin;
 
 
create procedure proc_ip_blacklist_status_update()
-- 将过期的ip状态改为失效
begin 
 update ip_blacklist
 set status=1
 where date_add(create_time,interval effective_hour hour) < now();
 commit;
end;
 
 
create event job_ip_blacklist_status_update
on schedule every 1 minute
on completion preserve
enable
do
call proc_ip_blacklist_status_update();

4 crud

黑名单产生有手工的方式，也有自动的方式，或者两者兼有。

自动的方式有通过python分析elk日志，将恶意ip自动写入mysql，这是个大话题，这里不涉及。

手工的方式可以人肉查看elk请求日志，发现恶意ip，手工填入mysql，这里推荐一个开源的crud工具，用户体验很nice（比直接navicat好多了），当然也可以自己写……

项目的强大之处在于，所有表都帮你生成菜单，然后这些表的crud就直接用了。

具体操作见官方说明，就不赘述了。

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