How to control statements in golang

Go language (Golang) is a fast, simple and efficient programming language with good readability and good concurrency performance. Due to these advantages, Golang is increasingly used in various scenarios. In this article, we will learn about control statements in Golang and how to use them to control the flow of a program.

Control statements in Golang include if, switch, for and goto. Each statement has different syntax, purpose and characteristics.

The if statement is the most basic control flow statement. It can execute blocks of code based on conditions. The syntax of the if statement is as follows:

if condition {
    // code blocks to be executed
}

Among them, condition is an expression used to determine whether the code block is to be executed. If the condition is true, the code block is executed; otherwise, the code block is skipped.

The if statement can also add an else branch to execute another block of code when the condition is not met. The syntax of the else branch is as follows:

if condition {
    // code blocks to be executed if condition is true
} else {
    // code blocks to be executed if condition is false
}

In Golang, the if statement can use short statements to execute some statements before if. The variable scope of short statements is limited to the scope of the if statement. For example:

if x:=2; x>1 {
    // code blocks to be executed if x is greater than 1
} else {
    // code blocks to be executed if x is not greater than 1
}

switch statement can execute different code blocks according to different conditions. Its syntax is as follows:

switch variable {
case value1:
    // code blocks to be executed if variable equals value1
case value2:
    // code blocks to be executed if variable equals value2
default:
    // code blocks to be executed if variable does not equal value1 or value2
}

In Golang, you can omit variables in the switch statement and use Boolean expressions in the case statement for matching:

switch {
case expression1:
    // code blocks to be executed if expression1 is true
case expression2:
    // code blocks to be executed if expression2 is true
default:
    // code blocks to be executed if none of the expressions is true
}

The for statement is a loop statement. Golang can be divided into three types: for loop, while loop and infinite loop. The for loop can execute code blocks based on conditions. Its syntax is as follows:

for initialization; condition; post {
    // code blocks to be executed repeatedly
}

Among them, initialization is the initial value of the loop variable; condition is the loop condition; post is the loop iteration statement, which is used after the loop body is executed. Iterative operation. The for loop also has a simplified syntax that allows you to loop while omitting the initial value of the loop variable:

for condition {
    // code blocks to be executed repeatedly
}

The difference between a while loop and a for loop is that the condition expression of the while loop can be defined inside the loop body, And the exit condition is controlled within the loop body. Its syntax is as follows:

for {
    // code blocks to be executed repeatedly
    if condition {
        break
    }
}

The infinite loop is an infinite loop type, and its syntax is as follows:

for {
    // code blocks to be executed repeatedly
}

The goto statement can unconditionally jump to the specified label in the code. Its syntax is as follows:

goto label
// ...
label:
// code blocks to be executed after goto

Golang's goto statement should be used with caution, because it can easily cause confusion in program logic and make the code difficult to maintain. Try not to use it.

In general, it is very important to master Golang’s control statements. Proficiency in these statements allows us to more flexibly control the flow and execution order of the program, allowing us to write more efficient and readable Golang code.

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