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mysql模式匹配和正则表达式_MySQL

May 31, 2016 am 08:48 AM

正则表达式

SQL模式匹配

_  下划线匹配任何单个字符

%  匹配任意数码字符

 

正则表达式的匹配

使用REGEXP和NOT REGEXP操作符

 

‘.’匹配任何单个的字符。

字符类“[...]”匹配在方括号内的任何字符。例如,“[abc]”匹配“a”、“b”或“c”。为了命名字符的范围,使用一个“-”。“[a-z]”匹配任何字母,而“[0-9]”匹配任何数字。

“ * ”匹配零个或多个在它前面的字符。例如,“x*”匹配任何数量的“x”字符,“[0-9]*”匹配任何数量的数字,而“.*”匹配任何数量的任何字符。

为了找出以“b”开头的名字,使用“^”匹配名字的开始:

mysql> SELECT * FROM pet WHERE name REGEXP '^b';

SELECT * FROM `student` WHERE `username` REGEXP '1$'

 

为了找出包含一个“w”的名字,使用以下查询:

mysql> SELECT * FROM pet WHERE name REGEXP 'w';

 

你也可以使用“{n}”“重复n次”操作符重写前面的查询:

mysql> SELECT * FROM pet WHERE name REGEXP '^.{5}$';






对于REGEXP操作符,正则表达式可以使用任何下述特殊字符和结构:

·         ^

匹配字符串的开始部分。

mysql> <strong>SELECT 'fo/nfo' REGEXP '^fo$';</strong>                   -> 0
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mysql> <strong>SELECT 'fofo' REGEXP '^fo';</strong>                      -> 1
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·         $

匹配字符串的结束部分。

mysql> <strong>SELECT 'fo/no' REGEXP '^fo/no$';</strong>                 -> 1
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mysql> <strong>SELECT 'fo/no' REGEXP '^fo$';</strong>                    -> 0
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·         .

匹配任何字符(包括回车和新行)。

mysql> <strong>SELECT 'fofo' REGEXP '^f.*$';</strong>                    -> 1
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mysql> <strong>SELECT 'fo/r/nfo' REGEXP '^f.*$';</strong>                -> 1
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·         a*

匹配0或多个a字符的任何序列。

mysql> <strong>SELECT 'Ban' REGEXP '^Ba*n';</strong>                     -> 1
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mysql> <strong>SELECT 'Baaan' REGEXP '^Ba*n';</strong>                   -> 1
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mysql> <strong>SELECT 'Bn' REGEXP '^Ba*n';</strong>                      -> 1
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·         a+

匹配1个或多个a字符的任何序列。

mysql> <strong>SELECT 'Ban' REGEXP '^Ba+n';</strong>                     -> 1
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mysql> <strong>SELECT 'Bn' REGEXP '^Ba+n';</strong>                      -> 0
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·         a?

匹配0个或1个a字符。

mysql> <strong>SELECT 'Bn' REGEXP '^Ba?n';</strong>                      -> 1
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mysql> <strong>SELECT 'Ban' REGEXP '^Ba?n';</strong>                     -> 1
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mysql> <strong>SELECT 'Baan' REGEXP '^Ba?n';</strong>                    -> 0
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·         de|abc

匹配序列de或abc。

mysql> <strong>SELECT 'pi' REGEXP 'pi|apa';</strong>                     -> 1
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mysql> <strong>SELECT 'axe' REGEXP 'pi|apa';</strong>                    -> 0
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mysql> <strong>SELECT 'apa' REGEXP 'pi|apa';</strong>                    -> 1
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mysql> <strong>SELECT 'apa' REGEXP '^(pi|apa)$';</strong>                -> 1
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mysql> <strong>SELECT 'pi' REGEXP '^(pi|apa)$';</strong>                 -> 1
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mysql> <strong>SELECT 'pix' REGEXP '^(pi|apa)$';</strong>                -> 0
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·         (abc)*

匹配序列abc的0个或多个实例。

mysql> <strong>SELECT 'pi' REGEXP '^(pi)*$';</strong>                    -> 1
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mysql> <strong>SELECT 'pip' REGEXP '^(pi)*$';</strong>                   -> 0
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mysql> <strong>SELECT 'pipi' REGEXP '^(pi)*$';</strong>                  -> 1
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·         {1}, {2,3}

{n}或{m,n}符号提供了编写正则表达式的更通用方式,能够匹配模式的很多前述原子(或“部分”)。m和n均为整数。

o        a*

可被写入为a{0,}。

o        a+

可被写入为a{1,}。

o        a?

可被写入为a{0,1}。

更准确地讲,a{n}与a的n个实例准确匹配。a{n,}匹配a的n个或更多实例。a{m,n}匹配a的m~n个实例,包含m和n。

m和n必须位于0~RE_DUP_MAX(默认为255)的范围内,包含0和RE_DUP_MAX。如果同时给定了m和n,m必须小于或等于n。

mysql> <strong>SELECT 'abcde' REGEXP 'a[bcd]{2}e';</strong>              -> 0
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mysql> <strong>SELECT 'abcde' REGEXP 'a[bcd]{3}e';</strong>              -> 1
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mysql> <strong>SELECT 'abcde' REGEXP 'a[bcd]{1,10}e';</strong>           -> 1
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·         [a-dX], [^a-dX]

匹配任何是(或不是,如果使用^的话)a、b、c、d或X的字符。两个其他字符之间的“-”字符构成一个范围,与从第1个字符开始到第2个字符之间的所有字符匹配。例如,[0-9]匹配任何十进制数字 。要想包含文字字符“]”,它必须紧跟在开括号“[”之后。要想包含文字字符“-”,它必须首先或最后写入。对于[]对内未定义任何特殊含义的任何字符,仅与其本身匹配。

mysql> <strong>SELECT 'aXbc' REGEXP '[a-dXYZ]';</strong>                 -> 1
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mysql> <strong>SELECT 'aXbc' REGEXP '^[a-dXYZ]$';</strong>               -> 0
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mysql> <strong>SELECT 'aXbc' REGEXP '^[a-dXYZ]+$';</strong>              -> 1
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mysql> <strong>SELECT 'aXbc' REGEXP '^[^a-dXYZ]+$';</strong>             -> 0
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mysql> <strong>SELECT 'gheis' REGEXP '^[^a-dXYZ]+$';</strong>            -> 1
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mysql> <strong>SELECT 'gheisa' REGEXP '^[^a-dXYZ]+$';</strong>           -> 0
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·         [.characters.]

在括号表达式中(使用[和]),匹配用于校对元素的字符序列。字符为单个字符或诸如新行等字符名。在文件regexp/cname.h中,可找到字符名称的完整列表。

mysql> <strong>SELECT '~' REGEXP '[[.~.]]';</strong>                     -> 1
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mysql> <strong>SELECT '~' REGEXP '[[.tilde.]]';</strong>                 -> 1
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·         [=character_class=]

在括号表达式中(使用[和]),[=character_class=]表示等同类。它与具有相同校对值的所有字符匹配,包括它本身,例如,如果o和(+)均是等同类的成员,那么[[=o=]]、[[=(+)=]]和[o(+)]是同义词。等同类不得用作范围的端点。

·         [:character_class:]

在括号表达式中(使用[和]),[:character_class:]表示与术语类的所有字符匹配的字符类。标准的类名称是:

alnum

文字数字字符

alpha

文字字符

blank

空白字符

cntrl

控制字符

digit

数字字符

graph

图形字符

lower

小写文字字符

print

图形或空格字符

punct

标点字符

space

空格、制表符、新行、和回车

upper

大写文字字符

xdigit

十六进制数字字符

它们代表在ctype(3)手册页面中定义的字符类。特定地区可能会提供其他类名。字符类不得用作范围的端点。

mysql> <strong>SELECT 'justalnums' REGEXP '[[:alnum:]]+';</strong>       -> 1
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