Steps to draw Spider-Man using Python+Turtle library
一、效果展示
在介绍代码之前,先来看下本文的实现效果。
Pinstaller(Python打包为exe文件)
之前自己把 Python 文件打包成 exe 的时候,折腾了很久,本文将详细地讲述如何快速生成在不安装 Python 的电脑上也能执行的文件
1. 在 prompt 中运行 pip install pyinstaller , 安装 pyinstaller 库
2. 在 prompt 中运行 where pyinstaller
3. 找到待打包文件存放的路径
把要打包的文件放到找到的路径
C:\Users\Administrator\Anaconda3\Scripts 中 (我的路径是这个,你就按照第二步的路径)
4. 调用 cmd 窗口
把待打包文件放在
C:\Users\Administrator\Anaconda3 \Scripts 目录下,在该文件夹中按shift+鼠标右键 , 点击 在此处打开命令窗口 调用 cmd
5. 在 cmd 中输入 pyinstaller -F 文件名
例子:打包 Python 绘制皮卡丘的视频,在cmd中输入 pyinstaller -F pkq_1.py
即可生成普通图标的exe可执行文件。
6. 生成 exe 文件
可以在路径
C:\Users\Administrator\Anaconda3\Scripts 下的 dist 文件夹中找到打包好的exe文件(即不用安装 Python 也可以运行的文件)。
这样生成的文件图标是标准固定格式,如果想生成特定特定形状的图标需要用第7点中的语句。
7. 生成自定义形状的图标,在cmd中输入:pyinstaller -i ico路径 -F xxxxx.py
例子: 打包 Python 绘制皮卡丘视频的py文件,在cmd中输入 (注: 我把ico图标和待打包文件放到一个文件夹下了, 所以直接输入了ico的名字)
pyinstaller -i pikaqiu2.ico -F pkq_1.py
生成图标是皮卡丘形状的exe文件。
二、代码详解
Python绘制蜘蛛侠的原理是:应用turtle库绘制身体的不同部位。
1.导入库
首先导入本文需要加载的库,如果你有些库还没有安装,导致运行代码时报错,可以在Anaconda Prompt中用pip方法安装。
# -*- coding: UTF-8 -*- ''' 代码用途 :画蜘蛛侠 作者 :阿黎逸阳 博客 : https://blog.csdn.net/qq_32532663/article/details/106176609 ''' import os import pygame import turtle as t
本文应用到的库较少,只应用了os、pygame和turtle三个库。
os库可以设置文件读取的位置。
pygame库是为了绘制过程更有趣,在绘图过程中添加了背景音乐。
turtle库是绘图库,相当于给你一支画笔,你可以在画布上用数学逻辑控制的代码完成绘图。
2.播放音乐
接着应用pygame库播放背景音乐,本文的音乐是《Sunflower》。
os.chdir(r'F:\公众号\56.蜘蛛侠') #播放音乐 print('播放音乐') pygame.mixer.init() pygame.mixer.music.load("Cope - Sunflower (Original Version).mp3") pygame.mixer.music.set_volume(0.5) pygame.mixer.music.play(1, 10)
这一部分的代码和整体代码是剥离的,可以选泽在最开始放上该代码,也可以直接删除。
如果选择播放音乐,需要在代码music.load函数中把你想放音乐的电脑本地存放地址填进去。
有部分朋友对这一块有疑问,填充格式可参考如下图片:
3.定义画蜘蛛侠上半身的函数
然后设置画板的大小,并定义绘制蜘蛛侠上半身的函数。
t.title('阿黎逸阳的代码公众号') t.speed(10) #t.screensize(1000, 800) t.setup(startx=0, starty = 0, width=800, height = 600) def up_body(): #画头 t.penup() t.goto(60, 200) t.pendown() t.pensize(1) t.color('black', 'red') t.begin_fill() t.setheading(60) t.circle(60, 30) t.left(4) t.circle(40, 173) t.left(4) t.circle(60, 30) #画脖子 t.setheading(260) t.circle(30, 29) #画肩膀 t.setheading(220) t.forward(30) #画手上肌肉 t.setheading(150) t.circle(30, 130) #画胸部的内部线 t.setheading(30) t.circle(-100, 13) t.setheading(270) t.circle(50, 40) t.setheading(255) t.circle(55, 40) t.circle(-40, 50) #画腰部的外横线 t.setheading(0) t.forward(-7) t.setheading(270) t.forward(18) #画腰线 t.setheading(-30) t.forward(50) t.setheading(15) t.forward(80) t.setheading(90) t.forward(22) #重复的地方 #画衣服内轮廓 t.setheading(190) t.forward(20) t.setheading(103) t.circle(-160, 41) #画手内轮廓 t.setheading(5) t.circle(-80, 30) t.setheading(20) t.circle(30, 30) #重复的地方 #手臂上肌肉 t.setheading(70) t.circle(22, 150) t.setheading(150) t.forward(30) t.setheading(120) t.forward(15) t.end_fill()
关键代码详解:
t.pensize(width):设置画笔的尺寸。
t.color(color):设置画笔的颜色。
t.penup():抬起画笔,一般用于另起一个地方绘图使用。
t.goto(x,y):画笔去到某个位置,参数为(x,y),对应去到的横坐标和纵坐标。
t.pendown():放下画笔,一般和penup组合使用。
t.left(degree):画笔向左转多少度,括号里表示度数。
t.right(degree):画笔向右转多少度,括号里表示度数。
t.circle(radius,extent,steps):radius指半径,若为正,半径在小乌龟左侧radius远的地方,若为负,半径在小乌龟右侧radius远的地方;extent指弧度;steps指阶数。
画外轮廓的关键是:通过调节circle函数中的半径和弧度来调节曲线的弧度,从而使得蜘蛛侠的轮廓比较流畅。
4.定义画左手和右手的函数
接着定义画左手和右手的函数。
def left_hand(): #画左手臂 #画胸部的内部线 t.penup() t.goto(-69, 134) t.color('black', 'blue') t.pendown() t.begin_fill() t.setheading(30) t.circle(-100, 13) t.setheading(270) t.circle(50, 40) t.setheading(255) t.circle(55, 40) t.circle(-40, 50) #画腰部的外横线 t.setheading(0) t.forward(-8) t.setheading(90) t.circle(220, 18) t.setheading(-90) t.circle(-40, 50) t.setheading(-85) t.circle(-50, 50) t.setheading(135) t.circle(30, 40) t.setheading(95) t.circle(-50, 50) t.setheading(98) t.circle(-60, 51) t.end_fill() def right_hand(): #画右手臂 #画衣服内轮廓 t.penup() t.goto(80, 39) t.color('black', 'blue') t.pendown() t.begin_fill() t.setheading(190) t.forward(20) t.setheading(103) t.circle(-160, 41) #画手内轮廓 t.setheading(5) t.circle(-80, 30) t.setheading(20) t.circle(30, 30) t.setheading(-20) t.circle(-55, 65) t.setheading(-30) t.circle(-50, 60) t.setheading(180) t.circle(30, 40) t.setheading(154) t.circle(-48, 60) t.setheading(164) t.circle(-50, 60) t.setheading(-90) t.circle(-40, 60) t.left(40) t.circle(150, 23) t.end_fill() def left_wrist(): #画左手腕 t.penup() t.goto(-81, 37) t.color('black', 'red') t.pendown() t.begin_fill() t.setheading(135) t.circle(30, 40) t.setheading(-90) t.circle(-60, 30) t.setheading(-90) t.forward(20) t.setheading(-45) t.forward(12) t.circle(6, 180) t.setheading(-50) t.circle(5, 160) t.setheading(95) t.forward(10) t.setheading(135) t.forward(8) t.setheading(95) t.forward(6) t.setheading(35) t.circle(30, 10) t.left(10) t.circle(30, 27) t.end_fill() #画手腕上的线 #横线 #第一条横线 t.penup() t.goto(-84, 30) t.color('black') t.pendown() t.setheading(145) t.circle(30, 36) #第二条横线 t.penup() t.goto(-90, 22) t.color('black') t.pendown() t.setheading(185) t.circle(-30, 31) #第三条横线 t.penup() t.goto(-83, 10) t.color('black') t.pendown() t.setheading(210) t.circle(-50, 31) #第四条横线 t.penup() t.goto(-102, -10) t.color('black') t.pendown() t.setheading(50) t.circle(-20, 41) t.setheading(55) t.circle(-90, 8) #第一条竖线 t.penup() t.goto(-105, 24) t.color('black') t.pendown() t.setheading(-95) t.circle(100, 20) #第二条竖线 t.penup() t.goto(-87, 42) t.color('black') t.pendown() t.setheading(-110) t.forward(22) t.setheading(-63) t.circle(-50, 40) def right_wrist(): #画右手腕 t.penup() t.goto(189, 57) t.color('black', 'red') t.pendown() t.begin_fill() t.setheading(180) t.circle(30, 40) t.setheading(-55) t.circle(-100, 10) t.circle(-20, 70) t.setheading(-90) t.forward(10) t.setheading(-0) t.forward(5) t.setheading(-85) t.forward(8) t.setheading(-20) t.circle(8, 60) t.setheading(-35) t.circle(8, 70) t.setheading(-15) t.circle(6, 70) t.setheading(60) t.circle(20, 80) t.setheading(115) t.circle(-100, 20) t.end_fill() #画第一条横线 t.goto(191, 45) t.color('black') t.pendown() t.setheading(215) t.circle(-30, 34) #画第二条横线 t.penup() t.goto(197, 29) t.color('black') t.pendown() t.setheading(215) t.circle(-30, 37) #画第三条横线 t.penup() t.goto(174, 11) t.color('black') t.pendown() t.setheading(-0) t.circle(-30, 27) t.setheading(20) t.circle(-20, 27) t.setheading(40) t.circle(-30, 23) #画第一条竖线 t.penup() t.goto(178, 55) t.color('black') t.pendown() t.setheading(-70) t.circle(-200, 9) t.setheading(-82) t.circle(-100, 18) #画第二条竖线 t.penup() t.goto(185, 55) t.color('black') t.pendown() t.setheading(-70) t.circle(-200, 8) t.setheading(-68) t.circle(-80, 25)
5.定义画蜘蛛的函数
接着定义画蜘蛛的函数。
def spider(): #画蜘蛛 t.penup() t.goto(8, 146) t.color('black') t.pendown() t.begin_fill() t.setheading(-120) t.circle(40, 60) t.setheading(60) t.circle(40,60) t.end_fill() #画蜘蛛的脚 #右边的脚1 t.penup() t.goto(13, 129) t.color('black') t.pendown() t.setheading(30) t.forward(10) t.setheading(90) t.forward(15) #右边的脚2 t.penup() t.goto(14, 125) t.color('black') t.pendown() t.setheading(30) t.forward(16) t.setheading(90) t.forward(17) #右边的脚3 t.penup() t.goto(14, 124) t.color('black') t.pendown() t.setheading(-20) t.forward(16) t.setheading(-90) t.forward(17) #右边的脚4 t.penup() t.goto(14, 120) t.color('black') t.pendown() t.setheading(-20) t.forward(10) t.setheading(-90) t.forward(15) #画蜘蛛的脚 #左边的脚1 t.penup() t.goto(3, 129) t.color('black') t.pendown() t.setheading(150) t.forward(10) t.setheading(90) t.forward(15) #右边的脚2 t.penup() t.goto(2, 125) t.color('black') t.pendown() t.setheading(150) t.forward(16) t.setheading(90) t.forward(17) #右边的脚3 t.penup() t.goto(2, 124) t.color('black') t.pendown() t.setheading(-170) t.forward(16) t.setheading(-99) t.forward(17) #右边的脚4 t.penup() t.goto(3, 120) t.color('black') t.pendown() t.setheading(-170) t.forward(10) t.setheading(-90) t.forward(15)
6.调用函数绘制图形
最后调用函数绘制图形。
print('绘制上半身外轮廓') up_body() print('绘制右手') right_hand() print('绘制左手') left_hand() print('绘制左拳头') left_wrist() print('绘制右拳头') right_wrist() print('绘制蜘蛛') spider()
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