我们曾经心碎的数据库之 数据查询基础_MySQL
1.记录集:
记录集是符合查询条件的记录组织在一起的类似于表结构的查询结果
2.使用select语句进行查询
语法:
select 列名
from 表名
where 查询条件表达式
order by 排序的列名 【asc或desc】
1.查询所有的数据行和列
select * from students
2.查询部分行和列
select 列名 from 表名
where 查询条件表达式
3.在查询中使用列的别名
select scode as 学生编号,sname as 学生姓名 saddress as 学生地址
from Students
where saddress '北京'
4.查询空值
采用 is null 或 is not null
select sname
from students
where semail is null
5.在查询中使用常量列
select sname as 学生姓名,saddress as 地址,‘北京海淀区’ as 学校名称
from students
6.查询返回限制的行数
例: 查询成绩前三名的学生姓名
select top 3 stuno,sresult
from students
order by sresult
7.查询排序
使用 order by
8.在查询中使用函数
(1)字符串函数
charindex():用来寻找一个指定的字符串在另一个字符串中的其实位置
select charindex('北京',‘北京好大,人好多’,1)
返回:1
len():返回传递给它的字符串长度
select len('北京真的很好')
返回:6
upper():把传递给他的字符串转换为大写
select upper('记住,nothing is perfect')
返回:记住,NOTHING IS PERFECT
ltrim():清除字符左边的空格
select ltrim(' 你好吗? 说啊')
返回:你好吗? 说啊
rtrim():清除字符右边的空格
select rtrim('明天 你好 ')
返回:明天 你好
right():从字符串右边返回指定书目的字符
select right(‘人生若只如初见’,3)
返回:如初见
replace():替换一个字符串中的字符
select replace('何事秋风悲画扇',‘秋’,‘冬’)
返回:何事冬风悲画扇
stuff():在一个字符串中,删除指定长度的字符,并在该位置插入一个新的字符串
select stuff('我们都是好孩子',5,1,‘天真’)
返回:我们都是天真孩子
substring():截取固定长度的字符串
select substring('人生只不过是努力便都好吧',3,2)
返回:只不
(2)日期函数
getdate():取得当前的系统时间
select getdate()
返回:2015-11-04 19:27:26.680
dateadd():将指定的数值添加到指定的日期部分后的日期
select dateadd(yy,1,getdate())
返回:2016-11-04 19:30:20.000
datediff():两个日期之间的指定日期部分的间隔
select datediff(dd,'2014-10-12',getdate())
返回:388
datename():日期中指定日期部分的字符串形式
select datename(dw,getdate())
返回:星期三
datepart():日期中指定日期部分的整数形式
select datepart(mm,getdate())
返回:11
(3) 数学函数
ceiling():向上取整 取大于或等于指定数值、表达式的最小整数
select ceiling(7.6)
返回:8
floor():向下取整 取小于或等于指定数值、表达式的最大整数
select floor(8.3)
返回:8
(4)系统函数
convert():用来转变数据类型
select convert(int,'123')
返回:123

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