Home Backend Development PHP Tutorial 详解PHP对数组的定义以及数组的创建方法_PHP

详解PHP对数组的定义以及数组的创建方法_PHP

May 29, 2016 am 11:47 AM
php array

传统上把数组(array)定义为一组有某种共同特性的元素,这里的共同特性包括相似性(车模、棒球队、水果类型等)和类型(例如所有元素都是字符串或整数)等,每个元素由一个特殊的标识符来区分,这称为健(key)。请注意,上面这句话中的传统上一词,因为现在可以摒弃这种定义,数组结构中可以包括完全无关的元素。PHP则更进一步,数组中的元素甚至可以不属于同一种类型。例如,一个数组可能包含州名、邮政编码、考试成绩或扑克牌等元素。

每个实体包含两个项:前面提到的健(key)和值(value)。可以通过查询键来获取其相应的值。这些键可以是数值(numerical) 健或关联(associative)健。数值键与值没有真正的联系,它们只是值在数组中的位置。例如,一个数组中包含按字母顺序排列的水果名,键0表示apple,键2表示pear。使用PHP语法,该数组如下:

$fruits = array(
 "0"=>"apple",
 "1"=>"banana"
 "2"=>"pear"
 );
Copy after login

使用数组索引,可以如下引用第一个元素(apple):

$fruits[0]
Copy after login

PHP的数值索引组以位置0起始,而不是1。

与此不同的是,关联键与值有一定关系,而不是值在数组中的位置。使用数值索引值不可行时,以关联的方式来映射数组会特别方便。例如,你可能希望创建一个将水果缩写映射到水果名的数组,如AP/apple、BA/banana和PE/Pear。使用PHP语法,该数组如下:

$fruits = array(
 "AP"=>"apple",
 "BA"=>"banana",
 "PE"=>"pear"
 );

Copy after login

可以如下引用apple:

$fruits["AP"];
Copy after login

还可以创建包含数组的数组,这称为多维数组(multidimensional arrays)。例如,可以使用一个多维数组存储水果的信息。使用PHP语法,该数组如下:

$fruits = array(
  "apple"=>array(
 "name"=>"apple",
 "color"=>"red"
 ),
 "banana"=>array(
 "name"=>"banana",
 "color"=>"yellow"
 )
);
Copy after login

然后可以如下引用apple的color:

$states["apple"]["color"];
Copy after login

这将返回以下值:

red
Copy after login

你自然会想知道遍历数组的方法。PHP提供了很多遍历数组的方法。无论使用哪一种方法,要记住,它们都依赖于一种称为数组指针(array pointer)的特性。数组指针就如同书签,告诉你正在检查的数组位置。你并不是直接操作数组指针,而是使用内置的语言特性或函数来遍历数组。但是,理解这个基本概念很有用。


数组是PHP最重要的数据结构之一,数组在PHP的用处很广泛。与其他很多语言的数组实现方式不同,PHP不需要在创建数组时指定其大小。事实上,因为PHP是一种松散类型的语言,所以甚至不需要在使用数组前先行声明,尽管没有限制,PHP仍提供了正式和非正式的数组声明方法。两个方法各有优点,都值得学习。下面将分别讨论这两种方法,首先来介绍非正式的方法。

要引用PHP数组中的各个元素,可以用一对中括号来指示。因为数组没有大小限制,所以只需建立引用就可以创建数组,例如:

$fruits[0] = "apple";
Copy after login

然后,可以如下显示数组$fruits的第一个元素:

echo $fruits[0] = "apple";
Copy after login

接下来,可以为数组索引映射新值,从而添加其他的值,如下:

$fruits[1] = "banana";
$fruits[2] = "pear";
Copy after login

有趣的是,如果认为索引值是数组索引而且是递增的,还可以在创建时省略索引值:

$fruits[] = "apple";
$fruits[] = "banana";
$fruits[] = "pear";
Copy after login

用这种方式创建关联数组也同样很简单,只不过必须一直使用键。下面的实例创建了一个数组,它将水果映射到其颜色:

$fruits["apple"] = "red";
$fruits["banana"] = "yellow";
$fruits["pear"] = "yellow";
Copy after login

使用array()创建数组

array()函数接受0个或多个元素作为输入,返回一个包含这些收入元素的数组。其形式如下:

array array([item1,[,item2…[,itemN]]])
Copy after login

下面是一个使用array()创建索引数组的例子:

$fruits = array("apple","banana","pear");
Copy after login

还可以使用array()创建一个关联数组,如下:

$fruits = array(
 "AP"=>"apple",
 "BA"=>"banana",
 "PE"=>"pear"
 );
Copy after login

Statement of this Website
The content of this article is voluntarily contributed by netizens, and the copyright belongs to the original author. This site does not assume corresponding legal responsibility. If you find any content suspected of plagiarism or infringement, please contact admin@php.cn

Hot AI Tools

Undresser.AI Undress

Undresser.AI Undress

AI-powered app for creating realistic nude photos

AI Clothes Remover

AI Clothes Remover

Online AI tool for removing clothes from photos.

Undress AI Tool

Undress AI Tool

Undress images for free

Clothoff.io

Clothoff.io

AI clothes remover

Video Face Swap

Video Face Swap

Swap faces in any video effortlessly with our completely free AI face swap tool!

Hot Tools

Notepad++7.3.1

Notepad++7.3.1

Easy-to-use and free code editor

SublimeText3 Chinese version

SublimeText3 Chinese version

Chinese version, very easy to use

Zend Studio 13.0.1

Zend Studio 13.0.1

Powerful PHP integrated development environment

Dreamweaver CS6

Dreamweaver CS6

Visual web development tools

SublimeText3 Mac version

SublimeText3 Mac version

God-level code editing software (SublimeText3)

PHP 8.4 Installation and Upgrade guide for Ubuntu and Debian PHP 8.4 Installation and Upgrade guide for Ubuntu and Debian Dec 24, 2024 pm 04:42 PM

PHP 8.4 brings several new features, security improvements, and performance improvements with healthy amounts of feature deprecations and removals. This guide explains how to install PHP 8.4 or upgrade to PHP 8.4 on Ubuntu, Debian, or their derivati

7 PHP Functions I Regret I Didn't Know Before 7 PHP Functions I Regret I Didn't Know Before Nov 13, 2024 am 09:42 AM

If you are an experienced PHP developer, you might have the feeling that you’ve been there and done that already.You have developed a significant number of applications, debugged millions of lines of code, and tweaked a bunch of scripts to achieve op

How To Set Up Visual Studio Code (VS Code) for PHP Development How To Set Up Visual Studio Code (VS Code) for PHP Development Dec 20, 2024 am 11:31 AM

Visual Studio Code, also known as VS Code, is a free source code editor — or integrated development environment (IDE) — available for all major operating systems. With a large collection of extensions for many programming languages, VS Code can be c

Explain JSON Web Tokens (JWT) and their use case in PHP APIs. Explain JSON Web Tokens (JWT) and their use case in PHP APIs. Apr 05, 2025 am 12:04 AM

JWT is an open standard based on JSON, used to securely transmit information between parties, mainly for identity authentication and information exchange. 1. JWT consists of three parts: Header, Payload and Signature. 2. The working principle of JWT includes three steps: generating JWT, verifying JWT and parsing Payload. 3. When using JWT for authentication in PHP, JWT can be generated and verified, and user role and permission information can be included in advanced usage. 4. Common errors include signature verification failure, token expiration, and payload oversized. Debugging skills include using debugging tools and logging. 5. Performance optimization and best practices include using appropriate signature algorithms, setting validity periods reasonably,

PHP Program to Count Vowels in a String PHP Program to Count Vowels in a String Feb 07, 2025 pm 12:12 PM

A string is a sequence of characters, including letters, numbers, and symbols. This tutorial will learn how to calculate the number of vowels in a given string in PHP using different methods. The vowels in English are a, e, i, o, u, and they can be uppercase or lowercase. What is a vowel? Vowels are alphabetic characters that represent a specific pronunciation. There are five vowels in English, including uppercase and lowercase: a, e, i, o, u Example 1 Input: String = "Tutorialspoint" Output: 6 explain The vowels in the string "Tutorialspoint" are u, o, i, a, o, i. There are 6 yuan in total

How do you parse and process HTML/XML in PHP? How do you parse and process HTML/XML in PHP? Feb 07, 2025 am 11:57 AM

This tutorial demonstrates how to efficiently process XML documents using PHP. XML (eXtensible Markup Language) is a versatile text-based markup language designed for both human readability and machine parsing. It's commonly used for data storage an

Explain late static binding in PHP (static::). Explain late static binding in PHP (static::). Apr 03, 2025 am 12:04 AM

Static binding (static::) implements late static binding (LSB) in PHP, allowing calling classes to be referenced in static contexts rather than defining classes. 1) The parsing process is performed at runtime, 2) Look up the call class in the inheritance relationship, 3) It may bring performance overhead.

What are PHP magic methods (__construct, __destruct, __call, __get, __set, etc.) and provide use cases? What are PHP magic methods (__construct, __destruct, __call, __get, __set, etc.) and provide use cases? Apr 03, 2025 am 12:03 AM

What are the magic methods of PHP? PHP's magic methods include: 1.\_\_construct, used to initialize objects; 2.\_\_destruct, used to clean up resources; 3.\_\_call, handle non-existent method calls; 4.\_\_get, implement dynamic attribute access; 5.\_\_set, implement dynamic attribute settings. These methods are automatically called in certain situations, improving code flexibility and efficiency.

See all articles