Table of Contents
什么是输出参数
声明和使用输出参数
OUTPUT关键字
总结
Home Database Oracle Let's talk about the use of output parameters in Oracle stored procedures

Let's talk about the use of output parameters in Oracle stored procedures

Apr 04, 2023 am 10:39 AM

Oracle存储过程是一种预先编译的代码段,其目的是为了实现数据库的某些业务逻辑或者处理操作。在Oracle存储过程中,常常需要使用参数进行输入和输出,其中输出参数的使用是相当普遍的。本文将详细介绍Oracle存储过程中输出参数的使用。

什么是输出参数

Oracle存储过程中的输出参数是指在存储过程执行结束后,要将某些数据返回给调用者。 简单来说,输出参数就是存储过程的计算结果或者状态值,这些结果可以是数字、字符串、日期等类型的数据。

声明和使用输出参数

在Oracle存储过程中,输出参数的声明和使用是比较简单的。在存储过程中,可以使用OUT关键字来声明输出参数。以下是一个简单的存储过程示例,其中声明了两个输出参数:out_num和 out_str。

CREATE OR REPLACE PROCEDURE my_procedure (in_param1 IN NUMBER, in_param2 IN VARCHAR2,
                                           out_num OUT NUMBER, out_str OUT VARCHAR2) IS
BEGIN
    /* 在存储过程中进行计算 */
    out_num := in_param1 * 10;
    out_str := in_param2 || ' World!';
END;
/
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在上面的示例中,存储过程接受两个输入参数:in_param1和in_param2,并将执行结果赋值给两个输出参数:out_num和out_str。当存储过程被调用时,实参将通过IN和OUT关键字被传递给存储过程。

调用上述存储过程示例的代码如下:

DECLARE
    result_num NUMBER;
    result_str VARCHAR2(50);
BEGIN
    /* 调用存储过程 */
    my_procedure(5, 'Hello', result_num, result_str);

    /* 输出结果 */
    DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('result_num = ' || result_num);
    DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('result_str = ' || result_str);
END;
/
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可以看到,实参5和'Hello'被传递给了存储过程,计算结果将返回到result_num和result_str输出参数中,并通过DBMS_OUTPUT输出结果。执行上面的代码将会得到以下结果:

result_num = 50
result_str = Hello World!
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OUTPUT关键字

在Oracle 12c之前的版本中,无法使用OUT关键字来声明输出参数,而需要使用OUTPUT关键字。以下是一个使用OUTPUT关键字声明输出参数的存储过程示例:

CREATE OR REPLACE PROCEDURE my_procedure (in_param1 IN NUMBER, in_param2 IN VARCHAR2,
                                           result_num OUT NUMBER, result_str OUT VARCHAR2) IS
BEGIN
    /* 在存储过程中进行计算 */
    result_num := in_param1 * 10;
    result_str := in_param2 || ' World!';
END;
/
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以上代码声明了两个输出参数:result_num和result_str。存储过程执行后,将把计算结果赋值给这两个输出参数,并返回给调用者。

调用带有OUTPUT关键字的存储过程示例的代码如下:

DECLARE
    v_num NUMBER;
    v_str VARCHAR2(50);
BEGIN
    /* 调用存储过程 */
    my_procedure(5, 'Hello', v_num, v_str);

    /* 输出结果 */
    DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('v_num = ' || v_num);
    DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('v_str = ' || v_str);
END;
/
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总结

在Oracle存储过程中,输出参数是一种强大的工具,可以将计算结果和状态值返回给调用者。声明和使用输出参数非常简单,在存储过程中直接使用OUT或OUTPUT关键字即可。在实际的开发中,可以经常使用输出参数来处理数据,并简化代码。

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