Table of Contents
基本结构的实现
使用媒体查询将单个 Table 拆分成多个
借助伪元素及其特性,实现表头信息展示
Home Web Front-end CSS Tutorial CSS Tips Sharing: Pure CSS to Implement Table Responsive Layout

CSS Tips Sharing: Pure CSS to Implement Table Responsive Layout

Sep 09, 2022 am 10:36 AM
css Responsive

如何利用纯CSS实现表格响应式布局?下面本篇文章就来给大家分享超 Nice 的表格响应式布局小技巧,希望对大家有所帮助!

CSS Tips Sharing: Pure CSS to Implement Table Responsive Layout

今天,遇到了一个很有意思的问题,一名群友问我,仅仅使用 CSS,能否实现这样一种响应式的布局效果:

简单解析一下效果:

  • 在屏幕视口较为宽时,表现为一个整体 Table 的样式

  • 而当屏幕视口宽度较小时,原 Table 的每一行数据单独拆分为一个 Table 进行展示

很有意思的一个响应式布局,让信息在小屏幕下得到了一种不错的展示。

那么,仅仅使用 CSS 的话,能否实现这样一个布局呢?答案是可以的。【推荐学习:css视频教程

首先,肯定会用到媒体查询,这个不难看出。另外,我们观察下拆分后的每一组数据:

都会存在一组原本整体一个 Table 时的表头信息,主要的难点就是在这里,我们如何在拆分成一个一个的子 Table 展示时,同时展示这些表头信息?

基本结构的实现

首先,我们先实现常规宽屏下的 HTML 及对应的 CSS。

比较简单,这里没有什么特殊之处,使用 <table> 标签或者使用 div、ul 等标签进行模拟一个表格都可以。

<table>
  <caption>Lorem ipsum !</caption>
  <thead>
    <tr>
      <th>Account</th>
      <th>Due Date</th>
      <th>Amount</th>
      <th">Period</th>
    </tr>
  </thead>
  <tbody>
    <tr>
      <td data-label="Account">Visa - 3412</td>
      <td data-label="Due Date">04/01/2016</td>
      <td data-label="Amount">$1,190</td>
      <td data-label="Period">03/01/2016 - 03/31/2016</td>
    </tr>
    // ... 重复多组
  </tbody>
</table>
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得到这样一个简单的 Table:

使用媒体查询将单个 Table 拆分成多个

下一步也很简单,设定合适的阈值(视实际业务情况而定),使用媒体查询将单个 Table 拆分成多个子 Table。

@media screen and (max-width: 600px) {
  table {
    border: 0;
  }  
  table thead {
    display: none;
  }
  table tr {
    display: block;
    margin-bottom: 10px;
  }
  table td {
    border-bottom: 1px solid #ddd;
    display: block;
  }
}
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这里做的事情也非常简单:

  • 利用媒体查询,设定屏幕宽度小于 600px 的样式

  • 去掉原本表格的 <thead> 表头,直接隐藏即可

  • 将原本的一行 <tr>,设置为 display: block, 并且设置一个下边距,使之每一个分开

  • 将原本的一行内的 <td>,设置为 display: block,这样,它们就会竖向排列,使每一个 <tr> 形成新的一个子 table

好,这样,再屏幕宽度小于 600px 时,我们就得到了这样一个 Table:

借助伪元素及其特性,实现表头信息展示

下面一步,也就是最为关键的一步,我们如何在子 table 的每一行,也就是 <td> 内,再展示原本的表头信息呢?

这里其实也非常简单,只是简单的运用了伪元素,极其可以读取 HTML 标签属性的小特性实现。

我们只需要简单改造一下代码,给每个 <td> 的 HTML,带上与之对应的表头列描述信息:

<table>
  // 上方信息保持一致
  <tbody>
    <tr>
      <td data-label="Account">Visa - 3412</td>
      <td data-label="Due Date">04/01/2016</td>
      <td data-label="Amount">$1,190</td>
      <td data-label="Period">03/01/2016 - 03/31/2016</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <td scope="row" data-label="Account">Visa - 6076</td>
      <td data-label="Due Date">03/01/2016</td>
      <td data-label="Amount">$2,443</td>
      <td data-label="Period">02/01/2016 - 02/29/2016</td>
    </tr>
    // ... 每个 tr 进行同样的处理
  </tbody>
</table>
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接着,借助 td 的伪元素,实现表头信息的展示即可:

@media screen and (max-width: 600px) {
  // ... 保持一致
  table td {
    position: relative;
    display: block;
    text-align: right;
  }
  table td::before {
    position: absolute;
    left: 10px;
    right: 0;
    content: attr(data-label);
  }
}
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这里,我们核心的知识点就是利用了元素的伪元素可以在 content 属性里,读取其 HTML 元素内的属性内容,并进行展示的知识点。

  • 假设一个 HTML 标签定义为: <div data-msg="ABC">

  • 那么该 div 对应的伪类如果设置了 content: attr(data-msg) ,就可以读取到 data-msg 的值,相当于 content:"ABC"

这样,我们在小屏幕下,就得到了这样一种效果:

完整的效果,即如题图所示:

For the complete DEMO, you can click here: CodePen Demo -- Simple Responsive Table in CSS

Original address: https://www .cnblogs.com/coco1s/p/16422777.html

Author: ChokCoco

(Learning video sharing: web front-end)

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