第 18 章 CSS 表格与列表 - 水之原
学习要点:
1.表格样式
2.列表样式
3.其他功能
主讲教师:李炎恢
本章主要探讨 HTML5 中 CSS 表格和列表,通过表格和列表的样式设置,让表格和列表显示更加多元化。
一.表格样式
表格有五种独有样式,样式表如下:
1.border-collapse
<span style="color: #800000;">table </span>{<span style="color: #ff0000;"> border-collapse</span>:<span style="color: #0000ff;"> collapse</span>; }<span style="font-family: verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 1.5; background-color: #ffffff;"> </span>
解释:单元格相邻的边框被合并。
2.border-spacing
值 |
说明 |
CSS 版本 |
长度值 |
0 表示间距,其他使用 CSS 长度值 |
2 |
<span style="color: #800000;">table </span>{<span style="color: #ff0000;"> border-spacing</span>:<span style="color: #0000ff;"> 10px</span>; }
解释:border-collapse: separate;的状态下才有效。因为要设置间距,不能合并。
3.caption-side
值 |
说明 |
CSS 版本 |
top |
默认值,标题在上方 |
2 |
bottom |
标题在下方 |
2 |
<span style="color: #800000;">table </span>{<span style="color: #ff0000;"> table-layout</span>:<span style="color: #0000ff;"> fixed</span>; }
解释:内容过长后,不会拉伸整个单元格。
4.empty-cells
值 |
说明 |
CSS 版本 |
show |
默认值,显示边框 |
2 |
hide |
不显示边框 |
2 |
<span style="color: #800000;">table </span>{<span style="color: #ff0000;"> empty-cells</span>:<span style="color: #0000ff;"> hide</span>; }
解释:单元格内容为空是隐藏边框。
5.table-layout
值 |
说明 |
CSS 版本 |
auto |
默认值,内容过长时,拉伸整个单元格 |
2 |
fixed |
内容过长时,不拉伸整个单元格 |
2 |
<span style="color: #800000;">table </span>{<span style="color: #ff0000;"> table-layout</span>:<span style="color: #0000ff;"> fixed</span>; }
解释:内容过长后,不会拉伸整个单元格。
二.列表样式
列表有四种独有样式,样式表如下:
1.list-style-type
<span style="color: #800000;">ul </span>{<span style="color: #ff0000;"> list-style-type</span>:<span style="color: #0000ff;"> square</span>; }
解释:列表前缀的标记类型,这里是 CSS1 版本的。CSS2 版本还包含比如日文、亚美尼亚数字、希腊文等前缀。有兴趣的可以参考 CSS 手册。
2.list-type-position
值 |
说明 |
CSS 版本 |
outside |
默认值,标记位于内容框外部 |
1 |
inside |
标记位于内容框内部 |
1 |
<span style="color: #800000;">ul </span>{<span style="color: #ff0000;"> width</span>:<span style="color: #0000ff;"> 120px</span>;<span style="color: #ff0000;"> list-style-position</span>:<span style="color: #0000ff;"> inside</span>; }
解释:标记位于内容框的内部。
3.list-type-image
值 |
说明 |
CSS 版本 |
none |
不使用图像 |
1 |
url |
通过 url 使用图像 |
1 |
<span style="color: #800000;">ul </span>{<span style="color: #ff0000;"> list-style-image</span>:<span style="color: #0000ff;"> url(bullet.png)</span>; }
解释:使用图片作为前缀的标记。
4.list-style
<span style="color: #800000;">ul </span>{<span style="color: #ff0000;"> list-style</span>:<span style="color: #0000ff;"> lower-alpha inside url(bullet.png)</span>; }
解释:简写形式。
三.其他功能
在
单元格,我们可以使用 text-align 属性水平对齐,但是垂直对齐就无法操作了。CSS 提供了 vertical-align 属性用于垂直对齐。
<span style="color: #800000;">table tr td </span>{<span style="color: #ff0000;"> vertical-align</span>:<span style="color: #0000ff;"> bottom</span>; } Copy after login 解释:将单元格内的内容对象实现垂直对齐。
<span style="color: #800000;">b </span>{<span style="color: #ff0000;"> vertical-align</span>:<span style="color: #0000ff;"> super</span>; } Copy after login 解释:文本上下标设置。
<span style="color: #800000;">div span </span>{<span style="color: #ff0000;"> vertical-align</span>:<span style="color: #0000ff;"> -200px</span>; } Copy after login 解释:负值往下,正值往上。如果默认基线在上面,用负数。如果默认基线在下面,用正值。 |

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