移动web开发之屏幕三要素 - 小火柴的蓝色理想
前面的话
实际上,并没有人提过屏幕三要素这个词,仅是我关于移动web开发屏幕相关部分总结归纳的术语。屏幕三要素包括屏幕尺寸、屏幕分辨率和屏幕像素密度。
屏幕尺寸
我们常常听说5.5英寸大屏幕手机,实际上屏幕尺寸是指屏幕的对角线长度。常见的屏幕尺寸有3.5、4、4.3、4.8、5.0、5.2、5.5、6.0等
对于英寸没有什么概念,可以通过转换公式转换成常用的厘米
1英寸 = 2.54厘米
<span style="color: #000000;">3.5in = 3.5*2.54cm = 8.89cm 4.0in = 4.0*2.54cm = 10.16cm 4.3in = 4.3*2.54cm = 10.922cm 4.8in = 4.8*2.54cm = 12.192cm 5.0in = 5.0*2.54cm = 12.7cm 5.2in = 5.2*2.54cm = 13.208cm 5.5in = 5.5*2.54cm = 13.97cm 6.0in = 6.0*2.54cm = 15.24cm</span>
屏幕分辨率
屏幕分辨率是指屏幕的像素点数,一般以纵向像素*横向像素来表示分辨率。显示常用分辨率有如800*600、1024*768、1280*720、1600*900、1920*1080,单位是px
[注意]关于像素的相关知识移步至此
若存在retina视网膜屏幕,要注意的是屏幕分辨率指的是设备像素,而不是理想视口
【HD和4K】
现在移动设备、智能电视宣传最多的两个关键词估计就是HD、4K,这二者都是用来描述显示设备分辨率的标准,到底二者之间有什么区别?
HD:没有固定的标准,基本上只要宽度为720px的都算是HD
full HD(全高清): 1920*1080分辨率
4K: 4k也叫QHD或UHD(超高清),最小分辨率是3840*2160,主要是现在高端电视的分辨率;其还有一个更高的4096x2160的标准,主要用于电影放映机或者专业相机。

【关于相机像素】
我们常常听过相机支持1000万像素。相机所说的像素,其实是最大像素的意思,像素是分辨率的单位,这个像素值仅仅是相机所支持的有效最大分辨率。
<span style="color: #000000;">640*480 = 307200 = 30万像素 1600*1200 = 1920000 = 200万像素 3264*2488 = 8120832 = 800万像素 4536*3024 = 13716864 = 1400万像素</span>
DPI和PPI
DPI(Dots Per Inch)是印刷行业中用来度量空间点密度用的,这个值是打印机每英寸可以喷的墨汁点数。计算机显示设备从打印机中借鉴了DPI的概念,由于计算机显示设备中的原子单位不是墨汁点而是像素,所以就创造了PPI(Pixels Per Inch),这个值是屏幕每英寸的像素数量,即像素密度(Screen density)。由于各种原因,目前PPI(主要是iOS)和DPI(比如在Android中)都会用在计算机显示设备的参数描述中,不过二者的意思是一样的,都是代表屏幕像素密度。
屏幕像素密度(DPI或PPI) = 对角线分辨率 / 屏幕尺寸

勾股定理算出对角线的分辨率:√(1920²+1080²)≈2203
对角线分辨率除以屏幕尺寸:2203/5≈440dpi
DPI = 对角线分辨率 / 屏幕尺寸
以iphone3s和iphone4为例,二者屏幕尺寸一样,屏幕分辨率相差一倍,屏幕像素密度也相差一倍

Google官方指定按照下列标准区分不同设备的dpi
苹果的区分则更为简单:非高清屏、高清屏、超高清屏
//1242*0.87=1080 2208*0.87=1920 3*0.87=2.61
从数值上看,苹果和安卓有这样的对应关系


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