网页设计代码总结-----布局(1) - monkeyleo
长时间未曾动笔至今已忘了如何组织语言,故注册此博客园帐号。一来,总结自己平时编程中遇到的“坑”;二来,记录下自己的编程生涯,以待来日回顾。本篇总结的来源是近期自己所负责的一个云平台项目。这是第一篇,关于布局。
传统的布局方式一般都是盒模型,并依赖于display、position或者float。然而position具有不能自适应内部高度的缺点,需要固定的容器高度;float存在父元素塌陷,需要用清除浮动解决;同时,对于某些布局方式也较为麻烦,例如垂直居中。如果使用传统的盒模型方法的话,其代码一般为:
<span style="color: #800000;"> .mid</span>{<span style="color: #ff0000;">position</span>:<span style="color: #0000ff;">absolute</span>;<span style="color: #ff0000;">left</span>:<span style="color: #0000ff;">50%</span>;<span style="color: #ff0000;">top</span>:<span style="color: #0000ff;">50%</span>;<span style="color: #ff0000;">margin-top</span>:<span style="color: #0000ff;">-1/2*Height</span>;<span style="color: #ff0000;">margin-left</span>:<span style="color: #0000ff;">-1/2*Width</span>;}
本种方法不易于维护,同时需要固定父元素高度,所以,为了解决这个问题,引入了flexbox(弹性布局)。在 .mid 的父元素上使用flex定位,可以轻松解决这个问题。当然,为了保证浏览器兼容性,需要加上浏览器私有前缀。
<span style="color: #008080;">1</span> .wrap{<span style="color: #800000;">display: -webkit-box;display: -webkit-flex;display: -ms-flexbox;display: flex;-webkit-box-align: center;-webkit-align-items: center;-ms-flex-align: center;align-items: center;-webkit-box-pack: center;-webkit-justify-content: center;-ms-flex-pack: center;justify-content: center;}</span>
不仅如此,在写顶部的banner时候可以令父元素如下:
<span style="color: #800000;">justify-content:space-between;</span>
让网站logo,选项框以及登陆按钮布局较为美观。不过在使用了flex布局后,float,clear,vertical-align属性都将失效。
其他一些flex属性:1、flex-direction:定义项目的排列方向。2、flex-wrap:定义主轴上的元素是否可以换行。3、align-items:定义项目在垂直于主轴的方向上如何对齐。4、align-content:定义多根主轴的对齐。以上属性都是写在父元素内的,而子元素中也有一些flex属性:
1、order:定义项目的排列顺序,越小越靠前。2、flex-grow:定义项目的放大系数,如果为0,则不放大。3、flex-shrink:与flex-grow相反。4、flex-basis:设置项目在主轴上占据的空间。5、align-self:为特定子元素提供定制的对齐,将会覆盖父元素的align-items属性。
其他一些布局心得:
1、不要随意使用float以及position布局,避免引起高度塌陷。
2、书写样式时最好使用类不要使用ID,以便于代码的重用。
3、布局前先确定好整体的页面结构以及使用的布局方法,避免中后期发现布局方法不合适,导致整个项目推倒重来。
4、将footer固定到页面底部:不管是body内元素堆叠高度和是小于浏览器高度还是高于浏览器高度,只需要将wrap内的其他元素与footer元素放在两个不同的div内,第一个div的高度设为100%,margin-bottom设为footer的高度即可。
<span style="color: #0000ff;"><span style="color: #ff00ff;">DOCTYPE html</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">></span> <span style="color: #0000ff;"><span style="color: #800000;">html</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">></span> <span style="color: #0000ff;"><span style="color: #800000;">head</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">></span> <span style="color: #0000ff;"><span style="color: #800000;">meta </span><span style="color: #ff0000;">charset</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">="utf-8"</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">></span> <span style="color: #0000ff;"><span style="color: #800000;">title</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">></span>flex布局<span style="color: #0000ff;"></span><span style="color: #800000;">title</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">></span> <span style="color: #0000ff;"><span style="color: #800000;">style</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">></span><span style="background-color: #f5f5f5; color: #800000;"> *</span><span style="background-color: #f5f5f5; color: #000000;">{</span><span style="background-color: #f5f5f5; color: #ff0000;">margin</span><span style="background-color: #f5f5f5; color: #000000;">:</span><span style="background-color: #f5f5f5; color: #0000ff;"> 0</span><span style="background-color: #f5f5f5; color: #000000;">;</span><span style="background-color: #f5f5f5; color: #ff0000;">padding</span><span style="background-color: #f5f5f5; color: #000000;">:</span><span style="background-color: #f5f5f5; color: #0000ff;"> 0</span><span style="background-color: #f5f5f5; color: #000000;">;</span><span style="background-color: #f5f5f5; color: #000000;">}</span><span style="background-color: #f5f5f5; color: #800000;"> html,body</span><span style="background-color: #f5f5f5; color: #000000;">{</span><span style="background-color: #f5f5f5; color: #ff0000;">width</span><span style="background-color: #f5f5f5; color: #000000;">:</span><span style="background-color: #f5f5f5; color: #0000ff;"> 100%</span><span style="background-color: #f5f5f5; color: #000000;">;</span><span style="background-color: #f5f5f5; color: #ff0000;">height</span><span style="background-color: #f5f5f5; color: #000000;">:</span><span style="background-color: #f5f5f5; color: #0000ff;"> 100%</span><span style="background-color: #f5f5f5; color: #000000;">;</span><span style="background-color: #f5f5f5; color: #000000;">}</span><span style="background-color: #f5f5f5; color: #800000;"> .main,.wrap</span><span style="background-color: #f5f5f5; color: #000000;">{</span><span style="background-color: #f5f5f5; color: #ff0000;">width</span><span style="background-color: #f5f5f5; color: #000000;">:</span><span style="background-color: #f5f5f5; color: #0000ff;"> 100%</span><span style="background-color: #f5f5f5; color: #000000;">;</span><span style="background-color: #f5f5f5; color: #ff0000;">height</span><span style="background-color: #f5f5f5; color: #000000;">:</span><span style="background-color: #f5f5f5; color: #0000ff;"> 100%</span><span style="background-color: #f5f5f5; color: #000000;">;</span><span style="background-color: #f5f5f5; color: #000000;">}</span><span style="background-color: #f5f5f5; color: #800000;"> .main</span><span style="background-color: #f5f5f5; color: #000000;">{</span><span style="background-color: #f5f5f5; color: #ff0000;">margin-bottom</span><span style="background-color: #f5f5f5; color: #000000;">:</span><span style="background-color: #f5f5f5; color: #0000ff;"> -100px</span><span style="background-color: #f5f5f5; color: #000000;">;</span><span style="background-color: #f5f5f5; color: #000000;">}</span><span style="background-color: #f5f5f5; color: #800000;"> .footer</span><span style="background-color: #f5f5f5; color: #000000;">{</span><span style="background-color: #f5f5f5; color: #ff0000;">width</span><span style="background-color: #f5f5f5; color: #000000;">:</span><span style="background-color: #f5f5f5; color: #0000ff;"> 100%</span><span style="background-color: #f5f5f5; color: #000000;">;</span><span style="background-color: #f5f5f5; color: #ff0000;">height</span><span style="background-color: #f5f5f5; color: #000000;">:</span><span style="background-color: #f5f5f5; color: #0000ff;"> 100px</span><span style="background-color: #f5f5f5; color: #000000;">;</span><span style="background-color: #f5f5f5; color: #ff0000;">background-color</span><span style="background-color: #f5f5f5; color: #000000;">:</span><span style="background-color: #f5f5f5; color: #0000ff;"> #000</span><span style="background-color: #f5f5f5; color: #000000;">;</span><span style="background-color: #f5f5f5; color: #000000;">}</span> <span style="color: #0000ff;"></span><span style="color: #800000;">style</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">></span> <span style="color: #0000ff;"></span><span style="color: #800000;">head</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">></span> <span style="color: #0000ff;"><span style="color: #800000;">link </span><span style="color: #ff0000;">rel</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">="stylesheet"</span><span style="color: #ff0000;"> href</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">="./layout.css"</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">></span> <span style="color: #0000ff;"><span style="color: #800000;">body</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">></span> <span style="color: #0000ff;"><span style="color: #800000;">div </span><span style="color: #ff0000;">class</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">="wrap"</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">></span> <span style="color: #0000ff;"><span style="color: #800000;">div </span><span style="color: #ff0000;">class</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">="main"</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">></span> <span style="color: #0000ff;"><span style="color: #800000;">div </span><span style="color: #ff0000;">class</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">="header"</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">></span><span style="color: #800000;">div</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">></span> <span style="color: #0000ff;"><span style="color: #800000;">div </span><span style="color: #ff0000;">class</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">="content"</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">></span><span style="color: #800000;">div</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">></span> <span style="color: #0000ff;"></span><span style="color: #800000;">div</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">></span> <span style="color: #0000ff;"><span style="color: #800000;">div </span><span style="color: #ff0000;">class</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">="footer"</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">></span><span style="color: #800000;">div</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">></span> <span style="color: #0000ff;"></span><span style="color: #800000;">div</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">></span> <span style="color: #0000ff;"></span><span style="color: #800000;">body</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">></span> <span style="color: #0000ff;"></span><span style="color: #800000;">html</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span>
粗浅之言,请勿见笑。

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