PHP object-oriented magic method explained
本篇文章主要介绍了浅谈PHP中的面向对象OOP中的魔术方法 ,具有一定的参考价值,感兴趣的小伙伴们可以参考一下
一、什么是魔术方法:
PHP为我们提供了一系列用__开头的函数,这些函数无需自己手动调用,会在合适的时机自动调用,这类函数称为魔术函数。
例如:
function __construct(){}
在new一个新对象时自动调用此函数
二、PHP中都有那些魔术方法,以及它们的作用:
1.__construct():构造函数,new对象时自动调用
eg:
class Person{ public $name; public $age; function __construct($name,$age){ $this->name=$name; $this->age=$age; } }
在new新的Person对象时会自动调用__construct()函数,将传入的参数分别赋给$name,$age。
2.__destruct():析构函数,当一个对象被销毁前自动调用
class Person{ public $name; public $age; function __destruct(){ echo "这个对象被销毁了"; } }
同上所述,对象被销毁时执行此魔术方法
3.__get():访问类中私有属性时自动调用,传递读取属性名,返回$this->属性名
class Person{ private $name; public $age; function __get($name){ return $this->$name; } }
如上代码,$name被设为私有属性后不能直接通过$this->name;的方式读取,因此需要设置__get()魔术方法来读取。
4.__set():给类的私有属性赋值时自动调用,传递需设置的属性名,属性值
class Person{ private $name; public $age; function __set($key,$value){ $this->$key=$value; } }
同__get()方法,私有属性不能通过$this->name="aaa";的方式直接设置,需要设置__set()方法,传入的参数分别是属性名和属性值。
5.__isset():使用isset检测对象私有属性时调用,传递检测的属性名,返回isset($this->属性名)
class Person{ private $name; public $age; function __isset($name){ return isset($this->$name); } }
使用isset检测对象私有属性时调用,其他同上。
6.__unset():使用unset()函数删除对象私有属性时调用,传递删除的属性名,方法中执行unset($this->属性名)
class Person{ private $name; public $age; function __unset($name){ unset($this->$name); } }
同上,在用unset()函数删除私有属性时调用。
7.__toString():使用echo打印对象时调用,返回打印对象时想要显示的内容,返回必须是字符串
class Person{ public $name; public $age; function __toString(){ $str = <<<str 您要打印的内容是:<br> \$name=>{$this->name};<br> \$age=>{$this->age};<br> str; return $str; } }
使用echo打印对象时调用,返回打印对象时想要显示的内容。
8.__call():调用一个类中未定义的或未公开的方法时自动调用,传递被调用的函数名及参数列表
class Person{ public $name; public $age; function __call($funcName,$funcParams){ echo "您调用的函数{$funcName},参数列表"; print_r($funcParams); echo "不存在/未公开"; } } $zhangsan=new Person(); $zhangsan->say(1,2,3);
如代码所示,调用不存在的say(1,2,3);时,会打印
您调用的函数way,参数列表Array ( [0] => 123 ) 不存在
9.__clone():当使用clone关键字,克隆一个对象时自动调用,作用是为新克隆的对象初始化赋值
class Person{ public $name; public $age; function __clone(){ $this->name="lisi"; } } $zhangsan=new Person("zhangsan",24); $lisi=clone $zhangsan; echo $lisi->name;
打印出的结果是"lisi",而不是"zhangsan"。
10.__sleep():对象序列化时自动调用,返回一个数组,数组中的值就是可以序列化的属性
class Person{ public $name; public $age; function __sleep(){ return array("name","age"); } }
如上述代码,在用serialize()序列化对象时只有"name","age"属性会被序列化。
11.__wakeup():对象反序列化时自动调用,为反序列化新产生的对象进行初始化赋值
class Person{ public $name; public $age; function __wakeup(){ $this -> name = "lisi"; } }
将对象序列化后再反序列化,同时给对象的name属性赋初值为"lisi"。
12.__autolode():需要在类外部声明函数,当实例化一个未声明的类时自动调用,传递实例化的类名,可以使用类名自动加载对应的类文件。
function __autoload($className){ include "class/".strtolower($className).".class.php"; } $zhangsan=new Person(); $zhangsan->say();
如上述代码,Person类不存在时调用__autolode()方法,载入写在文件外的类,"class/".strtolower($className).".class.php";就是类文件的相对路径,$className就是
不在本文件中的类的类名,因此在创建外部类文件时命名方式必须是小写的类名.class.php。__autolode()方法也是惟一一个不用写在类中的魔术方法。
The above is the detailed content of PHP object-oriented magic method explained. For more information, please follow other related articles on the PHP Chinese website!

Hot AI Tools

Undresser.AI Undress
AI-powered app for creating realistic nude photos

AI Clothes Remover
Online AI tool for removing clothes from photos.

Undress AI Tool
Undress images for free

Clothoff.io
AI clothes remover

Video Face Swap
Swap faces in any video effortlessly with our completely free AI face swap tool!

Hot Article

Hot Tools

Notepad++7.3.1
Easy-to-use and free code editor

SublimeText3 Chinese version
Chinese version, very easy to use

Zend Studio 13.0.1
Powerful PHP integrated development environment

Dreamweaver CS6
Visual web development tools

SublimeText3 Mac version
God-level code editing software (SublimeText3)

Hot Topics

PHP 8.4 brings several new features, security improvements, and performance improvements with healthy amounts of feature deprecations and removals. This guide explains how to install PHP 8.4 or upgrade to PHP 8.4 on Ubuntu, Debian, or their derivati

If you are an experienced PHP developer, you might have the feeling that you’ve been there and done that already.You have developed a significant number of applications, debugged millions of lines of code, and tweaked a bunch of scripts to achieve op

Visual Studio Code, also known as VS Code, is a free source code editor — or integrated development environment (IDE) — available for all major operating systems. With a large collection of extensions for many programming languages, VS Code can be c

JWT is an open standard based on JSON, used to securely transmit information between parties, mainly for identity authentication and information exchange. 1. JWT consists of three parts: Header, Payload and Signature. 2. The working principle of JWT includes three steps: generating JWT, verifying JWT and parsing Payload. 3. When using JWT for authentication in PHP, JWT can be generated and verified, and user role and permission information can be included in advanced usage. 4. Common errors include signature verification failure, token expiration, and payload oversized. Debugging skills include using debugging tools and logging. 5. Performance optimization and best practices include using appropriate signature algorithms, setting validity periods reasonably,

A string is a sequence of characters, including letters, numbers, and symbols. This tutorial will learn how to calculate the number of vowels in a given string in PHP using different methods. The vowels in English are a, e, i, o, u, and they can be uppercase or lowercase. What is a vowel? Vowels are alphabetic characters that represent a specific pronunciation. There are five vowels in English, including uppercase and lowercase: a, e, i, o, u Example 1 Input: String = "Tutorialspoint" Output: 6 explain The vowels in the string "Tutorialspoint" are u, o, i, a, o, i. There are 6 yuan in total

This tutorial demonstrates how to efficiently process XML documents using PHP. XML (eXtensible Markup Language) is a versatile text-based markup language designed for both human readability and machine parsing. It's commonly used for data storage an

Static binding (static::) implements late static binding (LSB) in PHP, allowing calling classes to be referenced in static contexts rather than defining classes. 1) The parsing process is performed at runtime, 2) Look up the call class in the inheritance relationship, 3) It may bring performance overhead.

What are the magic methods of PHP? PHP's magic methods include: 1.\_\_construct, used to initialize objects; 2.\_\_destruct, used to clean up resources; 3.\_\_call, handle non-existent method calls; 4.\_\_get, implement dynamic attribute access; 5.\_\_set, implement dynamic attribute settings. These methods are automatically called in certain situations, improving code flexibility and efficiency.
