Home Web Front-end JS Tutorial Detailed explanation of usage examples of basic javascript functions getAbsoluteUrl, isNative and insertRule

Detailed explanation of usage examples of basic javascript functions getAbsoluteUrl, isNative and insertRule

Jul 25, 2017 pm 01:53 PM
javascript

getAbsoluteUrl

从一个字符串变量得到一个绝对 URL,并不是你想象中这么简单。对于某些 URL 构造器,如果你不提供必要的参数就会出问题(而有时候你真的不知道提供什么参数)。下面有一个优雅的技巧,只需要你传递一个字符串就能得到相应的绝对 URL。


var getAbsoluteUrl = (function() {
  var a;
 
  return function(url) {
    if(!a) a = document.createElement('a');
    a.href = url;
 
    return a.href;
  };
})();
 
// 用法
getAbsoluteUrl('/something'); 
// http://davidwalsh.name/something
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a 元素的 href 处理和 url 处理看似无意义,而 return 语句返回了一个可靠的绝对 URL。

isNative

如果你想知道一个指定函数是否是原生的,或者能不能通过声明来覆盖它。下面这段便于使用的代码能给你答案:


;(function() {
 
 
// 用于处理传入参数 value 的内部 `[[Class]]` 
 var toString = Object.prototype.toString;
 
 
// 用于解析函数的反编译代码
 var fnToString = Function.prototype.toString;
 
 
// 用于检测宿主构造器 (Safari > 4 ;真的输出特定的数组)
 var reHostCtor = /^[object .+?Constructor]$/;
 
 
// 用一个标准的原生方法作为模板,编译一个正则表达式。
 
// 我们选择 'Object#toString' 因为它一般不会被污染。
 var reNative = RegExp('^' +
  
// 将 'Object#toString' 强制转为字符串 
  String(toString)
  
// 转义所有指定的正则表达式字符
  .replace(/[.*+?^${}()|[]/]/g, '$&')
  
// 用 '.*?' 替换提及的 'toString' ,以保持模板的通用性。
  
// 将 'for ...' 之类的字符替换掉,以兼容 Rhino 等环境,因为这些环境添加了额外的信息,如方法参数数量。
  .replace(/toString|(function).*?(?=()| for .+?(?=])/g, '$1.*?') + '$'
 );
 
 function isNative(value) {
  var type = typeof value;
  return type == 'function'
   
// 用 'Function#toString' (fnToString)绕过了值(value)本身的 'toString' 方法,以免被伪造所欺骗。
   ? reNative.test(fnToString.call(value))
   
// 回退到宿主对象的检查,因为某些环境(浏览器)将类型数组(typed arrays)之类的东西当作 DOM 方法,此时可能不遵循标准的原生正则表达式。
   : (value && type == 'object' && reHostCtor.test(toString.call(value))) || false;
 }
 
 
// 导出函数
 module.exports = isNative;
}());
 
// 用法
isNative(alert); 
// true
isNative(myCustomFunction); 
// false
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这个函数虽不完美,但它能完成任务!

insertRule

我们都知道能通过选择器(通过 document.querySelectorAll )获取一个 NodeList ,并可为每个元素设置样式,但有什么更高效的方法为选择器设置样式呢(例如你可以在样式表里完成):


var sheet = (function() {
    
// 创建 <style> 标签
  var style = document.createElement(&#39;style&#39;);
 
    
// 如果你需要指定媒介类型,则可以在此添加一个 media (和/或 media query) 
  
// style.setAttribute(&#39;media&#39;, &#39;screen&#39;)
  
// style.setAttribute(&#39;media&#39;, &#39;only screen and (max-width : 1024px)&#39;)
 
  
// WebKit hack :(
  style.appendChild(document.createTextNode(&#39;&#39;));
 
    
// 将 <style> 元素添加到页面
  document.head.appendChild(style);
 
  return style.sheet;
})();
 
// 用法
sheet.insertRule("header { float: left; opacity: 0.8; }", 1);
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这对于一个动态且重度依赖 AJAX 的网站来说是特别有用的。如果你为一个选择器设置样式,那么你就不需要为每个匹配到的元素都设置样式(现在或将来)。

matchesSelector
我们经常会在进行下一步操作前进行输入校验,以确保是一个可靠值,或确保表单数据是有效的,等等。但我们平时是怎么确保一个元素是否有资格进行进一步操作呢?如果一个元素有给定匹配的选择器,那么你可以使用 matchesSelector 函数来校验:


function matchesSelector(el, selector) {
  var p = Element.prototype;
  var f = p.matches || p.webkitMatchesSelector || p.mozMatchesSelector || p.msMatchesSelector || function(s) {
    return [].indexOf.call(document.querySelectorAll(s), this) !== -1;
  };
  return f.call(el, selector);
}
 
// 用法
matchesSelector(document.getElementById(&#39;myp&#39;), &#39;p.someSelector[some-attribute=true]&#39;)
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