Analyze mysql row record modifications based on binlog
I recently finished writing mysql flashback, and suddenly found that there is such a usage scenario: In some cases, it may be calculated that MySQL modifications during a certain period of time How much data is there? How many transactions occurred? Which tables are mainly changed? What is the amount of change? But there is no need to modify the row record, you only need to know the changes in the row data. So I also sorted it out.
I wrote the script last night. Due to my limited python ability, I originally thought not to post this article. But then I thought about it, maybe some garden friends would give it to me. Provide optimization suggestions.
1 Implementation content
In some cases, it may be calculated how much data MySQL modified during a certain period of time? How many transactions occurred? Which tables are mainly changed? What is the amount of change? But there is no need to modify the row record, you only need to know the changes in the row data.
These situations can be roughly understood through monitoring, but they can also be fully analyzed based on binlog. The format of binlog is row mode.
When writing flashback, I also wrote this step by the way. It is written in python. The principles are similar, but this one is simpler. Since my python is not good enough, the performance may be greatly improved. I hope garden friends can help optimize the space.
First, the analysis results of the python script are posted as follows, which are divided into 4 parts: transaction time-consuming, number of rows affected by the transaction, number of DML rows, and the status of the most frequently operated tables.
2 Brief description of the script
Among the modules that the script depends on, pymysql needs to be installed by yourself .
Create a class queryanalyse, in which there are 5 functions defined: _get_db, create_tab, rowrecord, binlogdesc and closeconn.
2.1 _get_db
This function is used to parse input parameter values. There are 7 parameter values in total, all of which must be filled in. They are host, user, password, port, table name for transaction, and table name for records. The corresponding abbreviations are as follows:
ALL options need to assign:
-h : host, the database host, which database will store the results after analysis
-u : user, the db user
-p : password, the db user's password
-P : port, the db port
-f : file path, the binlog file
-tr : table name for record, the table name to store the row record
-tt : table name for transaction, the table name to store transactions
For example, execute the script: python queryanalyse.py -h=127.0.0.1 -P=3310 -u=root -p=password -f=/tmp/stock_binlog.log -tt=flashback.tbtran -tr=flashback.tbrow, this function is responsible for processing each option Parameter value status and storage.
2.2 create_tab
Create two tables to store the analysis results of the binlog file. One is used to store the execution start time and end time of the transaction, and the table name is assigned by the option -tt; the other is used to store the modification of each row of records, and the table name is assigned by the option -tr.
Transaction table record content: transaction start time and transaction end time.
Contents of the row record table: library name, table name, DML type and number of the transaction table corresponding to the transaction.
root@localhost:mysql3310.sock 14:42:29 [flashback]>show create table tbrow \G*************************** 1. row *************************** Table: tbrowCreate Table: CREATE TABLE `tbrow` ( `auto_id` int(10) unsigned NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT, `sqltype` int(11) NOT NULL COMMENT '1 is insert,2 is update,3 is delete', `tran_num` int(11) NOT NULL COMMENT 'the transaction number', `dbname` varchar(50) NOT NULL, `tbname` varchar(50) NOT NULL, PRIMARY KEY (`auto_id`), KEY `sqltype` (`sqltype`), KEY `dbname` (`dbname`), KEY `tbname` (`tbname`) ) ENGINE=InnoDB AUTO_INCREMENT=295151 DEFAULT CHARSET=utf81 row in set (0.00 sec) root@localhost:mysql3310.sock 14:42:31 [flashback]>SHOW CREATE TABLE TBTRAN \G*************************** 1. row *************************** Table: TBTRANCreate Table: CREATE TABLE `tbtran` ( `auto_id` int(10) unsigned NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT, `begin_time` datetime NOT NULL, `end_time` datetime NOT NULL, PRIMARY KEY (`auto_id`) ) ENGINE=InnoDB AUTO_INCREMENT=6390 DEFAULT CHARSET=utf81 row in set (0.00 sec)
2.3 rowrecord
Key function, analyze the contents of the binlog file. Here are a few rules:
每个事务的结束点，是以 'Xid = ' 来查找
事务的开始时间，是事务内的第一个 'Table_map' 行里边的时间
事务的结束时间，是以 'Xid = '所在行的 里边的时间
每个行数据是属于哪个表格，是以 'Table_map'来查找
DML的类型是按照 行记录开头的情况是否为：'### INSERT INTO' 、'### UPDATE' 、'### DELETE FROM'
注意，单个事务可以包含多个表格多种DML多行数据修改的情况。
2.4 binlogdesc
描述分析结果，简单4个SQL分析。
分析修改行数据的 事务耗时情况
分析修改行数据的 事务影响行数情况
分析DML分布情况
分析 最多DML操作的表格 ，取前十个分析
2.5 closeconn
关闭数据库连接。
3 使用说明
首先，确保python安装了pymysql模块，把python脚本拷贝到文件 queryanalyse.py。
然后，把要分析的binlog文件先用 mysqlbinlog 指令分析存储，具体binlog的文件说明，可以查看之前的博文：关于binary log那些事——认真码了好长一篇。mysqlbinlog的指令使用方法，可以详细查看文档：https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.7/en/mysqlbinlog.html 。
比较常用通过指定开始时间跟结束时间来分析 binlog文件。
mysqlbinlog --start-datetime='2017-04-23 00:00:03' --stop-datetime='2017-04-23 00:30:00' --base64-output=decode-rows -v /data/mysql/logs/mysql-bin.007335 > /tmp/binlog_test.log
分析后，可以把这个 binlog_test.log文件拷贝到其他空闲服务器执行分析，只需要有个空闲的DB来存储分析记录即可。
假设这个时候，拷贝 binlog_test.log到测试服务器上，测试服务器上的数据库可以用来存储分析内容，则可以执行python脚本了，注意要进入到python脚本的目录中，或者指定python脚本路径。
python queryanalyse.py -h=127.0.0.1 -P=3310 -u=root -p=password -f= /tmp/binlog_test.log -tt=flashback.tbtran -tr=flashback.tbrow
没了，就等待输出吧。
性能是硬伤，在虚拟机上测试，大概500M的binlog文件需要分析2-3min，有待提高！
4 python脚本
1 import pymysql 2 from pymysql.cursors import DictCursor 3 import re 4 import os 5 import sys 6 import datetime 7 import time 8 import logging 9 import importlib 10 importlib.reload(logging) 11 logging.basicConfig(level=logging.DEBUG,format='%(asctime)s %(levelname)s %(message)s ') 12 13 14 usage=''' usage: python [script's path] [option] 15 ALL options need to assign: 16 17 -h : host, the database host，which database will store the results after analysis
18 -u : user, the db user 19 -p : password, the db user's password 20 -P : port, the db port 21 -f : file path, the binlog file 22 -tr : table name for record , the table name to store the row record 23 -tt : table name for transaction, the table name to store transactions 24 Example: python queryanalyse.py -h=127.0.0.1 -P=3310 -u=root -p=password -f=/tmp/stock_binlog.log -tt=flashback.tbtran -tr=flashback.tbrow 25 26 ''' 27 28 class queryanalyse: 29 def init(self): 30 #初始化 31 self.host='' 32 self.user='' 33 self.password='' 34 self.port='3306' 35 self.fpath='' 36 self.tbrow='' 37 self.tbtran='' 38 39 self._get_db() 40 logging.info('assign values to parameters is done:host={},user={},password=***,port={},fpath={},tb_for_record={},tb_for_tran={}'.format(self.host,self.user,self.port,self.fpath,self.tbrow,self.tbtran)) 41 42 self.mysqlconn = pymysql.connect(host=self.host, user=self.user, password=self.password, port=self.port,charset='utf8') 43 self.cur = self.mysqlconn.cursor(cursor=DictCursor) 44 logging.info('MySQL which userd to store binlog event connection is ok') 45 46 self.begin_time='' 47 self.end_time='' 48 self.db_name='' 49 self.tb_name='' 50 51 def _get_db(self): 52 #解析用户输入的选项参数值，这里对password的处理是明文输入，可以自行处理成是input格式， 53 #由于可以拷贝binlog文件到非线上环境分析，所以password这块，没有特殊处理 54 logging.info('begin to assign values to parameters') 55 if len(sys.argv) == 1: 56 print(usage) 57 sys.exit(1) 58 elif sys.argv[1] == '--help': 59 print(usage) 60 sys.exit() 61 elif len(sys.argv) > 2: 62 for i in sys.argv[1:]: 63 _argv = i.split('=') 64 if _argv[0] == '-h': 65 self.host = _argv[1] 66 elif _argv[0] == '-u': 67 self.user = _argv[1] 68 elif _argv[0] == '-P': 69 self.port = int(_argv[1]) 70 elif _argv[0] == '-f': 71 self.fpath = _argv[1] 72 elif _argv[0] == '-tr': 73 self.tbrow = _argv[1] 74 elif _argv[0] == '-tt': 75 self.tbtran = _argv[1] 76 elif _argv[0] == '-p': 77 self.password = _argv[1] 78 else: 79 print(usage) 80 81 def create_tab(self): 82 #创建两个表格：一个用户存储事务情况，一个用户存储每一行数据修改的情况 83 #注意，一个事务可以存储多行数据修改的情况 84 logging.info('creating table ...') 85 create_tb_sql ='''CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS {} ( 86 `auto_id` int(10) unsigned NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT, 87 `begin_time` datetime NOT NULL, 88 `end_time` datetime NOT NULL, 89 PRIMARY KEY (`auto_id`) 90 ) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8; 91 CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS {} ( 92 `auto_id` int(10) unsigned NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT, 93 `sqltype` int(11) NOT NULL COMMENT '1 is insert,2 is update,3 is delete', 94 `tran_num` int(11) NOT NULL COMMENT 'the transaction number', 95 `dbname` varchar(50) NOT NULL, 96 `tbname` varchar(50) NOT NULL, 97 PRIMARY KEY (`auto_id`), 98 KEY `sqltype` (`sqltype`), 99 KEY `dbname` (`dbname`),100 KEY `tbname` (`tbname`)101 ) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8;102 truncate table {};103 truncate table {};104 '''.format(self.tbtran,self.tbrow,self.tbtran,self.tbrow)105 106 self.cur.execute(create_tb_sql)107 logging.info('created table {} and {}'.format(self.tbrow,self.tbtran))108 109 def rowrecord(self):110 #处理每一行binlog111 #事务的结束采用 'Xid =' 来划分112 #分析结果，按照一个事务为单位存储提交一次到db113 try:114 tran_num=1 #事务数115 record_sql='' #行记录的insert sql116 tran_sql='' #事务的insert sql117 118 self.create_tab()119 120 with open(self.fpath,'r') as binlog_file:121 logging.info('begining to analyze the binlog file ,this may be take a long time !!!')122 logging.info('analyzing...')123 124 for bline in binlog_file:125 126 if bline.find('Table_map:') != -1:127 l = bline.index('server')128 n = bline.index('Table_map')129 begin_time = bline[:l:].rstrip(' ').replace('#', '20')130 131 if record_sql=='':132 self.begin_time = begin_time[0:4] + '-' + begin_time[4:6] + '-' + begin_time[6:]133 134 self.db_name = bline[n::].split(' ')[1].replace('`', '').split('.')[0]135 self.tb_name = bline[n::].split(' ')[1].replace('`', '').split('.')[1]136 bline=''137 138 elif bline.startswith('### INSERT INTO'):139 record_sql=record_sql+"insert into {}(sqltype,tran_num,dbname,tbname) VALUES (1,{},'{}','{}');".format(self.tbrow,tran_num,self.db_name,self.tb_name)140 141 elif bline.startswith('### UPDATE'):142 record_sql=record_sql+"insert into {}(sqltype,tran_num,dbname,tbname) VALUES (2,{},'{}','{}');".format(self.tbrow,tran_num,self.db_name,self.tb_name)143 144 elif bline.startswith('### DELETE FROM'):145 record_sql=record_sql+"insert into {}(sqltype,tran_num,dbname,tbname) VALUES (3,{},'{}','{}');".format(self.tbrow,tran_num,self.db_name,self.tb_name)146 147 elif bline.find('Xid =') != -1:148 149 l = bline.index('server')150 end_time = bline[:l:].rstrip(' ').replace('#', '20')151 self.end_time = end_time[0:4] + '-' + end_time[4:6] + '-' + end_time[6:]152 tran_sql=record_sql+"insert into {}(begin_time,end_time) VALUES ('{}','{}')".format(self.tbtran,self.begin_time,self.end_time)153 154 self.cur.execute(tran_sql)155 self.mysqlconn.commit()156 record_sql = ''157 tran_num += 1158 159 except Exception:160 return 'funtion rowrecord error'161 162 def binlogdesc(self):163 sql=''164 t_num=0165 r_num=0166 logging.info('Analysed result printing...\n')167 #分析总的事务数跟行修改数量168 sql="select 'tbtran' name,count(*) nums from {} union all select 'tbrow' name,count(*) nums from {};".format(self.tbtran,self.tbrow)169 self.cur.execute(sql)170 rows=self.cur.fetchall()171 for row in rows:172 if row['name']=='tbtran':173 t_num = row['nums']174 else:175 r_num = row['nums']176 print('This binlog file has {} transactions, {} rows are changed '.format(t_num,r_num))177 178 # 计算 最耗时 的单个事务179 # 分析每个事务的耗时情况,分为5个时间段来描述180 # 这里正常应该是 以毫秒来分析的，但是binlog中，只精确时间到second181 sql='''select
182 count(case when cost_sec between 0 and 1 then 1 end ) cos_1,183 count(case when cost_sec between 1.1 and 5 then 1 end ) cos_5,184 count(case when cost_sec between 5.1 and 10 then 1 end ) cos_10,185 count(case when cost_sec between 10.1 and 30 then 1 end ) cos_30,186 count(case when cost_sec >30.1 then 1 end ) cos_more,187 max(cost_sec) cos_max188 from
189 (190 select
191 auto_id,timestampdiff(second,begin_time,end_time) cost_sec192 from {}193 ) a;'''.format(self.tbtran)194 self.cur.execute(sql)195 rows=self.cur.fetchall()196 197 for row in rows:198 print('The most cost time : {} '.format(row['cos_max']))199 print('The distribution map of each transaction costed time: ')200 print('Cost time between 0 and 1 second : {} , {}%'.format(row['cos_1'],int(row['cos_1']*100/t_num)))201 print('Cost time between 1.1 and 5 second : {} , {}%'.format(row['cos_5'], int(row['cos_5'] * 100 / t_num)))202 print('Cost time between 5.1 and 10 second : {} , {}%'.format(row['cos_10'], int(row['cos_10'] * 100 / t_num)))203 print('Cost time between 10.1 and 30 second : {} , {}%'.format(row['cos_30'], int(row['cos_30'] * 100 / t_num)))204 print('Cost time > 30.1 : {} , {}%\n'.format(row['cos_more'], int(row['cos_more'] * 100 / t_num)))205 206 # 计算 单个事务影响行数最多 的行数量207 # 分析每个事务 影响行数 情况,分为5个梯度来描述208 sql='''select
209 count(case when nums between 0 and 10 then 1 end ) row_1,210 count(case when nums between 11 and 100 then 1 end ) row_2,211 count(case when nums between 101 and 1000 then 1 end ) row_3,212 count(case when nums between 1001 and 10000 then 1 end ) row_4,213 count(case when nums >10001 then 1 end ) row_5,214 max(nums) row_max215 from
216 (217 select
218 count(*) nums219 from {} group by tran_num220 ) a;'''.format(self.tbrow)221 self.cur.execute(sql)222 rows=self.cur.fetchall()223 224 for row in rows:225 print('The most changed rows for each row: {} '.format(row['row_max']))226 print('The distribution map of each transaction changed rows : ')227 print('Changed rows between 1 and 10 second : {} , {}%'.format(row['row_1'],int(row['row_1']*100/t_num)))228 print('Changed rows between 11 and 100 second : {} , {}%'.format(row['row_2'], int(row['row_2'] * 100 / t_num)))229 print('Changed rows between 101 and 1000 second : {} , {}%'.format(row['row_3'], int(row['row_3'] * 100 / t_num)))230 print('Changed rows between 1001 and 10000 second : {} , {}%'.format(row['row_4'], int(row['row_4'] * 100 / t_num)))231 print('Changed rows > 10001 : {} , {}%\n'.format(row['row_5'], int(row['row_5'] * 100 / t_num)))232 233 # 分析 各个行数 DML的类型情况234 # 描述 delete，insert，update的分布情况235 sql='select sqltype ,count(*) nums from {} group by sqltype ;'.format(self.tbrow)236 self.cur.execute(sql)237 rows=self.cur.fetchall()238 239 print('The distribution map of the {} changed rows : '.format(r_num))240 for row in rows:241 242 if row['sqltype']==1:243 print('INSERT rows :{} , {}% '.format(row['nums'],int(row['nums']*100/r_num)))244 if row['sqltype']==2:245 print('UPDATE rows :{} , {}% '.format(row['nums'],int(row['nums']*100/r_num)))246 if row['sqltype']==3:247 print('DELETE rows :{} , {}%\n '.format(row['nums'],int(row['nums']*100/r_num)))248 249 # 描述 影响行数 最多的表格250 # 可以分析是哪些表格频繁操作，这里显示前10个table name251 sql = '''select
252 dbname,tbname ,253 count(*) ALL_rows,254 count(*)*100/{} per,255 count(case when sqltype=1 then 1 end) INSERT_rows,256 count(case when sqltype=2 then 1 end) UPDATE_rows,257 count(case when sqltype=3 then 1 end) DELETE_rows258 from {}
259 group by dbname,tbname
260 order by ALL_rows desc
261 limit 10;'''.format(r_num,self.tbrow)262 self.cur.execute(sql)263 rows = self.cur.fetchall()264 265 print('The distribution map of the {} changed rows : '.format(r_num))266 print('tablename'.ljust(50),267 '|','changed_rows'.center(15),268 '|','percent'.center(10),269 '|','insert_rows'.center(18),270 '|','update_rows'.center(18),271 '|','delete_rows'.center(18)272 )273 print('-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------')274 for row in rows:275 print((row['dbname']+'.'+row['tbname']).ljust(50),276 '|',str(row['ALL_rows']).rjust(15),277 '|',(str(int(row['per']))+'%').rjust(10),278 '|',str(row['INSERT_rows']).rjust(10)+' , '+(str(int(row['INSERT_rows']*100/row['ALL_rows']))+'%').ljust(5),279 '|',str(row['UPDATE_rows']).rjust(10)+' , '+(str(int(row['UPDATE_rows']*100/row['ALL_rows']))+'%').ljust(5),280 '|',str(row['DELETE_rows']).rjust(10)+' , '+(str(int(row['DELETE_rows']*100/row['ALL_rows']))+'%').ljust(5),281 )282 print('\n')283 284 logging.info('Finished to analyse the binlog file !!!')285 286 def closeconn(self):287 self.cur.close()288 logging.info('release db connections\n')289 290 def main():291 p = queryanalyse()292 p.rowrecord()293 p.binlogdesc()294 p.closeconn()295 296 if name == "main":297 main()The above is the detailed content of Analyze mysql row record modifications based on binlog. For more information, please follow other related articles on the PHP Chinese website!
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