Detailed explanation of Python SMTP mail module
SMTP is a protocol for sending emails. Python has built-in support for SMTP and can send plain text emails, HTML emails and emails with attachments.
Python supports SMTP with two modules: smtplib and email. Email is responsible for constructing emails, and smtplib is responsible for sending emails.
Example:
1. Use Python to send emails in plain text format and html format.
email.mime.text email.utils msg = MIMEText(message, , ) msg[] = formataddr([,]) msg[] = formataddr([,]) msg[] = server = smtplib.SMTP(, 25 server.login(, server.sendmail(, [ u u == cpu = 100 disk = 500 mem = 50 i range(1 cpu > 90 alert = u disk > 90 alert = u mem > 80 alert = u email(alert)
#Python发送HTML格式的邮件与发送纯文本消息的邮件不同之处就是将MIMEText中_subtype设置为html
1 msg = MIMEText('<html><body><h1>Hello</h1>' +2 '<p>send by <a href="http://www.python.org">Python</a>...</p>' +3 '</body></html>', 'html', 'utf-8')
2.Python to send emails with attachments.
To send an email with an attachment, you must first create a MIMEMultipart() instance, then construct the attachment. If there are multiple attachments, they can be constructed in sequence, and finally send using smtplib.smtp.
1 #!/usr/bin/env python 2 #coding:utf-8 3 4 import smtplib 5 from email.mime.text import MIMEText 6 from email.utils import formataddr 7 from email.mime.multipart import MIMEMultipart 8 9 def email(message):10 11 msg = MIMEMultipart()12 msg['From'] = formataddr(["管理员",'ylemail2012@sina.cn'])13 msg['To'] = formataddr(["Saneri",'349622541@qq.com'])14 msg['Subject'] = "Zabbix报警系统！"15 msg.attach(MIMEText(message, 'plain', 'utf-8'))16 17 #---这是附件部分---18 # 构造附件1,文本类型附件19 att1 = MIMEText(open('test.txt', 'rb').read(), 'base64', 'utf-8')20 att1["Content-Type"] = 'application/octet-stream'21 # 这里的filename可以任意写，写什么名字，邮件中显示什么名字22 att1["Content-Disposition"] = 'attachment; filename="test.txt"'23 msg.attach(att1)24 25 # 构造附件2,jpg类型附件26 from email.mime.application import MIMEApplication27 att2 = MIMEApplication(open('001.jpg','rb').read())28 att2.add_header('Content-Disposition', 'attachment', filename="001.jpg")29 msg.attach(att2)30 #构造附件3,pdf类型附件31 att3 = MIMEApplication(open('test.pdf','rb').read())32 att3.add_header('Content-Disposition', 'attachment', filename="test.pdf")33 msg.attach(att3)34 #构造附件4,xlsx类型附件35 att4 = MIMEApplication(open('test.xlsx','rb').read())36 att4.add_header('Content-Disposition', 'attachment', filename="test.xlsx")37 msg.attach(att4)38 #构造附件5,mp3类型附件39 att5 = MIMEApplication(open('test.mp3','rb').read())40 att5.add_header('Content-Disposition', 'attachment', filename="test.mp3")41 msg.attach(att5)42 43 try:44 server = smtplib.SMTP("smtp.sina.com", 25)45 #set_debuglevel(1)可以打印出和SMTP服务器交互的所有信息46 #server.set_debuglevel(1)47 #login()方法用来登录SMTP服务器48 server.login("ylemail2012@sina.cn","password")49 #sendmail()方法就是发邮件，由于可以一次发给多个人，所以传入一个list，邮件正文是一个str，as_string()把MIMEText对象变成str50 server.sendmail('ylemail2012@sina.cn', ['349622541@qq.com',], msg.as_string())51 print u"邮件发送成功!"52 server.quit()53 except smtplib.SMTPException:54 print u"Error: 无法发送邮件"55 if name == 'main':56 cpu = 10057 disk = 50058 mem = 5059 for i in range(1):60 if cpu > 90:61 alert = u"CPU出问题！"62 email(alert)63 if disk > 90:64 alert = u"硬盘出问题！"65 email(alert)66 if mem > 80:67 alert = u"内存出问题！"68 email(alert)3.Add pictures in HTML text
In the HTML text of the email, it is invalid for general email service providers to add external links. Examples of correctly adding breakthroughs are as follows Display:
1 #!/usr/bin/env python 2 #coding:utf-8 3 4 import smtplib 5 from email.mime.multipart import MIMEMultipart 6 from email.mime.text import MIMEText 7 from email.mime.image import MIMEImage 8 from email.utils import formataddr 9 10 def email():11 msg = MIMEMultipart()12 msg['From'] = formataddr(["管理员",'ylemail2012@sina.cn'])13 msg['To'] = formataddr(["Saneri",'349622541@qq.com'])14 msg['Subject'] = "Zabbix报警系统！"15 msg.attach(MIMEText('<b>Some <i>HTML</i> text</b> and an image.<br><img src="cid:image1"><br>good!','html','utf-8'))16 17 fp = open('001.jpg', 'rb')18 msgImage = MIMEImage(fp.read())19 fp.close()20 msgImage.add_header('Content-ID', '<image1>')21 msg.attach(msgImage)22 try:23 server = smtplib.SMTP("smtp.sina.com", 25)24 server.login("ylemail2012@sina.cn","password")25 server.sendmail('ylemail2012@sina.cn', ['349622541@qq.com',], msg.as_string())26 print u"邮件发送成功!"27 server.quit()28 except smtplib.SMTPException:29 print u"Error: 无法发送邮件"30 31 if name == 'main':32 email()4. Supports both HTML and Plain formats
If we send an HTML email, the recipient can browse the email content normally through a browser or software such as Outlook, but , what if the device used by the recipient is too old and cannot view HTML emails?
The method is to attach a plain text while sending HTML. If the recipient cannot view the email in HTML format, it can automatically downgrade to view the plain text email.
Use MIMEMultipart to combine HTML and Plain. Please note that the specified subtype is alternative:
1 msg = MIMEMultipart('alternative')2 msg['From'] = ...3 msg['To'] = ...4 msg['Subject'] = ...5 6 msg.attach(MIMEText('hello', 'plain', 'utf-8'))7 msg.attach(MIMEText('<html><body><h1>Hello</h1></body></html>', 'html', 'utf-8'))8 # 正常发送msg对象...
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