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php 魔术函数使用说明_php基础

May 17, 2016 am 09:02 AM
php magic function

什么是魔术函数?
对于__开头的函数就命名为魔术函数, 此类函数都在特定的条件下触发的.比如: __set() __get()等
在设置或取不存在的属性时候触发.
有那些魔术函数呢?
总的来说, 有下面几个魔术函数
__construct() __destruct() __get() __set() __isset() __unset() __call() __callStatic()
__sleep() __wakeup() __toString() __set_state() __clone() __autoload()
__construct()当实例化一个对象的时候,这个对象的这个方法首先被调用。
__destruct()当删除一个对象或对象操作终止的时候,调用该方法。

复制代码 代码如下:

class test1 {
public function __construct() {
var_dump(__function__);
}
public function __destruct() {
var_dump(__function__);
}
}
$t1 = new test1 ;
unset($t1);

__get当试图读取一个并不存在的属性的时候被调用。
__set当试图向一个并不存在的属性写入值的时候被调用。
__isset当试图检测一个并不存在的属性时候被调用。
__unset当试图取消一个并不存在的属性时候被调用。
复制代码 代码如下:

class test2 {
public $name3;
public function __set($key, $value) {
var_dump(__function__. '
KEY:'
.$key.'
Value:'
.$value);
}
public function __get($key) {
var_dump(__function__. 'KEY:'.$key);
}
public function __isset($key) {
var_dump(__function__. ' KEY:'.$key);
}
public function __unset($key) {
var_dump(__function__. ' KEY:'.$key);
}
}
$t =new test2 ;
$t->name = "steven";
$t->name2;
$t->name3;
isset($t->name2);
isset($t->name3);
unset($t->name4);

__sleep当进行序列化对象时候调用
__wakeup当进行反序列对象时候调用
需要注意一点:
1. __sleep()必须返回一个数组或者对象(一般返回的是$this),返回的值将会被用来做为序列化的
值。
如果不返回这个值,则序列化失败。这也意味着反序列化将不会触发__wakeup事件。
2. 序列化会保存默认赋值的属性.如果要通过实例化赋值的内容,则需要属性在__sleep()返回数组的
指定.
如$id与$id2的区别.
复制代码 代码如下:

class test3 {
public $name = "steven";
public $id = "1"; public $id2;
public function __sleep() {
var_dump(__function__); // 序列化不成功.没有返回值.反序列也失败 //
return array("name"); // 序列化成功.有返回值.反序列成功.id2属性能被恢复 //
return array("name", "id2");// 序列化成功.有返回值.反序列成功.id2属性不能被恢复
return array("name"); }
public function testEcho() {
var_dump($this->name);
var_dump($this->id);
var_dump($this->id2);
}
public function __wakeup() {
var_dump(__function__);
$this->testEcho();
}
}
$t3= new test3 ;
$t3->id2 = uniqid();
$t3s = serialize($t3);
unserialize($t3s);

__toString当直接打印一个对象的时候,这个方法将会被调用
复制代码 代码如下:

class test4 {
public function __toString() {
return "toString";
}
}
$t4 = new test4();
echo $t4;
print $t4;
var_dump($t4);
print_r($t4);

__call($func, $param) 当尝试调用一个不存在的方法的时候被调用.
这个方法必须有两个参数,第一个为调用的方法名,第二个是一个被调用方法的参数数组。
需要注意的是,当你在一个子类调用父类的private的方法,或者在实例里调用类的非protect方法的
时候,并不会调用__call()
复制代码 代码如下:

class test5 {
public function __call($func, $param) {
var_dump('Function:'.$func);
var_dump($param);
}
}
$t5 = new test5;
$t5->echoTest('xx','xx','xx');

__callStatic()当尝试调用一个不存在的静态方法的时候被调用
这个方法必须有两个参数,第一个为调用的方法名,第二个是一个被调用方法的参数数组。
在PHP5.3中出现
复制代码 代码如下:

class test51 {
public function __callStatic($fun, $param) {
var_dump('Function:'.$func);
var_dump($param);
}
}
test51::test('xx','xx','xx');

__set_state()当用var_export导出实例的时候被调用.此方法有一个参数,为包含所导出的实例的所
有成员属性的一个数组
复制代码 代码如下:

class test6 {
public function __set_state($arr){
var_dump($arr);
}
}
$t6 = new test6;
$t6->age = "12";
var_export($t6, true);
var_export($t6);
eval('
$b='
.var_export($t6,true).';');
print_r($b);

__clone()当克隆实例时候被调用.
注意:
1.在php5里,对象间的赋值总是以地址引用来传递的.
2.如果要以实际值来传递,则需要用到clone关键词
3.clone的只是实例。如果实例中的某个成员属性也是个实例,那么这个成员属性还是会以引用方法被
传递到新的实例。
// 对象间的赋值总是以地址引用来传递的. $t71 $t72的age属性是一样的.
复制代码 代码如下:

class test71 {
public $age = 10;
}
$t71 = new test71();
$t72 = $t71 ;
var_dump($t71->age) ;
$t71->age =12 ;
var_dump($t71->age) ;
var_dump($t72->age) ; // 如果要以实际值来传递,则需要用到clone关键词 $t73 = clone $t71; $t71->age = 13 ; var_dump($t71->age) ;
var_dump($t73->age) ; // 如果实例中的某个成员属性也是个实例,那么这个成员属性还是会以引用方法被传递到新的实例。

复制代码 代码如下:

class test74 {
public $age = 10;
public $sub = null;
}
class test75 {
public $age = 11;
}
$i = new test74;
$i->sub = new test75();
$i1 =clone $i;
var_dump($i1->sub->age);
$i->sub->age = 12;
var_dump($i1->sub->age);

// $i 和$i1虽然不是指向同一个实例,但是它们的成员属性$sub却是指向同一个实例。这时候,我们必须借
助__clone这个方法来对$sub进行复制。 // $i2和$3指向不同实例.成员属性$sub也指向不同实例.
复制代码 代码如下:

class test76 {
public $age = 10;
public $sub = null;
public function __clone() {
$this->sub = clone $this->sub;
}
}
$i2 = new test76();
$i2->sub = new test75();
$i3 = clone $i2;
$i2->sub->age = 15 ;
var_dump($i3->sub->age);

__autoload()函数.当创建一个实例化的时候,如果对应的类不存在,则会被调用
复制代码 代码如下:

function __autoload($class) {
   if ( $class == "test8" ){
require_once dirname(__FILE__).'/class8.php'; 
}
}
spl_autoload();
$t8 = new test8;
var_dump($t8->age);
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