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简单谈谈php中的unicode和utf8编码_php技巧

May 16, 2016 pm 08:14 PM
php unicode utf8 coding

重新认识unicode和utf8编码

直到今天,准确的说是刚才,我才知道UTF-8编码和Unicode编码是不一样的,是有区别的囧
他们之间是有一定的联系的,看看他们的区别:
UTF-8的长度是不一定的,有可能是1、2、3字节
Unicode长度一定,2个字节(USC-2)
UTF-8可以和Unicode互相转换

unicode和utf8的关系

Unicode(16进制)

UTF-8(二进制)

0000 - 007F 0xxxxxxx
0080 - 07FF 110xxxxx 10xxxxxx
0800 - FFFF 1110xxxx 10xxxxxx 10xxxxxx

上面的表格有2个意思,第一个显而易见就是说Unicode和UTF-8字符范围的对应,还有一个可以看出Unicode怎么和UTF-8互相转换:

先说UTF-8到Unicode的转换

UTF-8编码的二进制和上面的3种格式进行匹配,匹配到之后去掉固定位(表格中的非x位置),然后从右到左每8位一组,不够8位左边不领,凑够2个字节16 bits,这16 bits所表示的就是UTF-8对应的Unicode编码,看看下面几个例子:

上面图片中的文字编码格式为UTF-8,可以用WinHex看到其16进制表示

复制代码 代码如下:

字符 => UTF-8   => UTF-8二进制=> 去掉固定位置凑够16位的二进制 => 16进制

汉  => E6B189 => 11100110 10110001 10001001 => 01101100 01001001 => 6C49
字  => E5AD97 => 11100101 10101101 10010111 => 01011011 01010111 => 5B57

#下面是在chrome命令行下面运行的结果
'\u6C49'
"汉"
'\u5B57'
"字"

#到这里的话,从UTF-8转换到Unicode已经是一件非常容易的事了,看看转换的伪代码
读取一个字节,11100110
判断该UTF-8字符的格式,属于第三种,3个字节
继续读取2个字节得到 11100101 10101101 10010111
按照格式去掉固定位     1011011 01010111
不够16位,左边补零    01011011 01010111  => 5B57

再看看从Unicode到UTF-8的转换

复制代码 代码如下:

5B57
获取5B57所在的Unicode范围,0800 获取5B57的二进制编码 101101101010111
用上一步骤的二进制编码从右至左拼接UTF-8编码 11100101 10101101 10010111

说说问题

再说说今天这个问题的起因,从前端输入很多单词,UTF-8格式每个词最多30个字节,因此会在前端和后台分别做验证,javascript用的是Unicode编码,后端程序用的是UTF-8编码,现在的解决办法是这样

前端

function utf8_bytes(str)
{
 var len = 0, unicode;
 for(var i = 0; i < str.length; i++)
 {
 unicode = str.charCodeAt(i);
 if(unicode < 0x0080) {
  ++len;
 } else if(unicode < 0x0800) {
  len += 2;
 } else if(unicode <= 0xFFFF) {
  len += 3;
 }else {
  throw "characters must be USC-2!!"
 }
 }
 return len;
}

#例子
utf8_bytes('asdasdas')
8
utf8_bytes('yrt燕睿涛')
12

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后台

#对于GBK字符串
$len = ceil(strlen(bin2hex(iconv('GBK', 'UTF-8', $word)))/2);
#对于UTF8字符串
$len = ceil(strlen(bin2hex($word))/2);
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