Home Web Front-end HTML Tutorial HTML5 Canvas游戏开发(一)基础知识_html/css_WEB-ITnose

HTML5 Canvas游戏开发(一)基础知识_html/css_WEB-ITnose

Jun 24, 2016 am 11:19 AM

  一、绘制基本图形

  在每次用canvas画布时,都有几步是“套路”

  1.在HTML中创建Canvas画布:

<canvas id="mycanvas" width="960px" height="580px">    浏览器不支持canvas   <!-- 如果不支持会显示这段文字 --></canvas>
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  2.获取画布标签,并得到一个2D对象:

var c = document.getElementById('mycanvas');  //获取标签var ctx = c.getContext("2d");   //返回一个用来绘制环境类型的环境,返回一个2D对象 ,该对象实现了一个画布使用的大多数方法。
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  1、绘制线条:

ctx.lineWidth = 10;    //设置线条宽度   ctx.strokeStyle = "red";  //设置线条的颜色ctx.beginPath();    //创建一个新的路径ctx.moveTo(10,10);      //将画笔光标位置移动到坐标(10,10)处ctx.lineTo(150,10);    //移动画笔到坐标(150,50)处ctx.stroke();          //开始绘制定义好的路径
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  通过ctx.lineCap="butt"可以设置线条的形状。有三个可取值:butt、round、square。

  2、绘制空心矩形:

md5.strokeRect(100,100,200,240);   //绘制空心矩形的函数,四个参数分别表示起点X、Y坐标、矩形长、矩形宽
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  3、绘制实心矩形:

  方法一:使用fillRext()函数。在绘制实心矩形时,可使用fillStyle设置图形的颜色。

  方法二:

md5.rect(10,10,70,40);md5.fill();
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  4、画圆:

  使用arc()函数可以画一个圆弧。有六个参数:圆弧中心X、Y坐标、圆弧半径、起始角度、终

止角度、是否逆时针。可以调用fill()函数画一个实心圆。

  5、画圆角矩形:

  用arcTo函数可以画圆角矩形。有五个参数:P1的X、Y和P2的X、Y、圆弧的半径radius。

  6、擦除Canvas画板:

  clearRect()函数。四个参数:X、Y、长度、宽度。

  7、绘制复杂:二维贝塞尔曲线、三维贝塞尔曲线。

  8、利用clip()函数可在指定区域绘图。

  9、绘制自定义图形。

  二、绘制文本 

  1、cxt.font:设置字体样式。

ctx.font = "30px Arial";    //设置文字大小和字体样式、字体大小、斜体效果
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  2、cxt.strokeText():设置文字内容。空心文字!有四个参数:文本字符串,坐标X、坐标Y、文本宽 。最后一个参数可以省去,省去时文本宽度自动设定为整个文本的宽度。

ctx.strokeText("Hello World",100,50);   //设置文字内容
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  3、cxt.fillText():设置文字内容。实心文字!参数同strokeText();

  4、ctx.textAlign=" ";设置文字对齐方式:center、left、right。

  5、ctx.textBaseline=" "; 设置文字纵向对齐方式:top、middle、bottom、ideographic等。

  三、图片操作

  1、利用drawImage()函数绘制图片,该函数有三种原型:

drawImage(image,dx,dy);drawImage(image,dx,dy,dw,dh);drawImage(image,sx,sy,sw,sh,dx,dydw,dh);
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  第一参数都是要绘制的对象。

  绘制图像方法一:

  在HTML添加如下代码:

<img src="/static/imghw/default1.png"  data-src="1.jpg"  class="lazy"  id="face" alt="the face"    style="max-width:90%" height="240px">
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  JavaScript代码如下:

var img=document.getElementById("face");image.onload =function(){        ctx.drawImage(image,10,10);    }  
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  绘制图像方法二:

var image = new Image();    image.src = "1.jpg";    image.onload =function(){        ctx.drawImage(image,10,10);        ctx.drawImage(image,260,10,100,100);        ctx.drawImage(image,50,50,100,100,260,130,100,100);    } 
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  一定要添加图片的onload事件监听!

  第一个函数从(10,10)开始绘制整张图片。

  第二个函数从(260,10)绘制整张图片到长100、宽100的矩形区域内。

  第三个函数表示截取图片从(50,50)到(100,100)的部分,从坐标(260,130)开始绘制,放到长100、宽100的矩形区域内。

  2、利用getImageData和putImageData绘制图片。

  3、利用createImageData新建像素。

 

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