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PHP Static关键字

Jun 23, 2016 pm 02:30 PM

Static关键字

声明类成员或方法为static,就可以不实例化类而直接访问。不能通过一个对象来访问其中的静态成员(静态方法除外)。

为了兼容PHP4,如果没有指定“可见性”,属性和方法默认为public。

由于静态方法不需要通过对象即可调用,所以伪变量$this在静态方法中不可用。

静态属性不可以由对象通过->操作符来访问。

用::方式调用一个非静态方法会导致一个E_STRICT级别的错误。

就像其它所有的PHP静态变量一样,静态属性只能被初始化为一个字符值或一个常量,不能使用表达式。 所以你可以把静态属性初始化为整型或数组,但不能指向另一个变量或函数返回值,也不能指向一个对象。

PHP5.3.0之后,我们可以用一个变量来动态调用类。但该变量的值不能为关键字self, parent或static。

Example #1 静态成员代码示例

class Foo
{
    public static $my_static = 'foo';

    public function staticValue() {
        return self::$my_static;
    }
}

class Bar extends Foo
{
    public function fooStatic() {
        return parent::$my_static;
    }
}


print Foo::$my_static . " ";

$foo = new Foo();
print $foo->staticValue() . " ";
print $foo->my_static . " ";      // Undefined "Property" my_static 

print $foo::$my_static . " ";
$classname = 'Foo';
print $classname::$my_static . " "; // PHP 5.3.0之后可以动态调用

print Bar::$my_static . " ";
$bar = new Bar();
print $bar->fooStatic() . " ";
?>

Example #2 静态方法代码示例

class Foo {
    public static function aStaticMethod() {
        // ...
    }
}

Foo::aStaticMethod();
$classname = 'Foo';
$classname::aStaticMethod(); // As of PHP 5.3.0
?> 

来源:http://www.php100.com/cover/php/83.html

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