数据结构与算法之递归算法 C++和PHP实现
递归算法:就是一种直接或间接调用自身的算法。
实现过程:通过函数或者子过程来完成,在函数或者子过程中编写代码直接或间接的调用自己,即可完成递归操作。(相同类别的问题,把问题层层转换为规模缩小的子问题到最小问题有 已知条件,然后 来求解,然后得到结果逐级返回。其实也是一种循环。)
最主要体现: 小的代码量解决了非常复杂的问题
特点:
1、递归就是方法里调用自身
2、必须有一个明确的递归结束条件,称为递归出口。
3、简洁但是运行效率较低,一般不提倡使用
4、每一层的返回点、局部变量等开辟了栈来存储,递归次数过多容易造成栈溢出。
实例1:求阶乘
C++代码:
#include<iostream>int factorial(int n);int main(){ using namespace std; int n; cout > n; cout <p class="sycode"> 运行结果: </p> <p class="sycode"> <br> </p> <p class="sycode"> 实例2:数制转换 </p> <p class="sycode"> <br> </p> <p class="sycode"> 代码: </p> <pre name="code" class="sycode">#include<iostream>#include<cstring>void feelTheBase(char *s, int n, int sys);int main(){ using namespace std; char s[60]; int n,sys; cout > n; cout > sys; feelTheBase(s, n, sys); cout <p class="sycode"> 运行结果: </p> <p class="sycode"> <br> </p> <p class="sycode"> <br> </p> <p class="sycode"> 实例3: 列出某个目录下所有的子目录和文件(还可以用 scandir函数更方便 ) </p> <p class="sycode"> PHP实现代码: </p> <pre name="code" class="sycode"><?phpfunction rec($dir, $lev=0){ $dh = opendir($dir); while (($file = readdir($dh)) != false) { if ($file == '.' || $file == '..') { continue; } if (is_dir($dir.'/'.$file)){ $arr = explode("/",$dir.'/'.$file); $lev = count($arr)-3; echo str_pad('',$lev, "--")."目录".$file."<br/>"; rec($dir.'/'.$file, $lev+1); }else { echo str_pad('',$lev, "--").$file."<br>"; } } closedir($dh);}$dir = "./";rec($dir);?>
运行结果:

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