php访问控制
访问控制通过关键字public,protected和private来实现。被定义为公有的类成员可以在任何地方被访问。被定义为受保护的类成员则可以被其自身以及其子类和父类访问。被定义为私有的类成员则只能被其定义所在的类访问。
类属性必须定义为公有、受保护、私有之一。为兼容PHP5以前的版本,如果采用 var 定义,则被视为公有。
<strong>class Car { $speed = 10; //错误 属性必须定义访问控制 public $name; //定义共有属性 }</strong>
类中的方法可以被定义为公有、私有或受保护。如果没有设置这些关键字,则该方法默认为公有。
<strong>class Car { ? //默认为共有方法 function turnLeft() { } }</strong>
如果构造函数定义成了私有方法,则不允许直接实例化对象了,这时候一般通过静态方法进行实例化,在设计模式中会经常使用这样的方法来控制对象的创建,比如单例模式只允许有一个全局唯一的对象。
<strong>class Car { private function __construct() { echo 'object create'; } private static $_object = null; public static function getInstance() { if (empty(self::$_object)) { self::$_object = new Car(); //内部方法可以调用私有方法,因此这里可以创建对象 } return self::$_object; } } //$car = new Car(); //这里不允许直接实例化对象 $car = Car::getInstance(); //通过静态方法来获得一个实例</strong>
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