Table of Contents
1、模式定义
2、UML类图
3、示例代码
CommandInterface.php
HelloCommand.php
Receiver.php
Invoker.php
4、测试代码
Tests/CommandTest.php
5、总结
Home Backend Development PHP Tutorial PHP 设计模式系列 -- 命令模式(Command)

PHP 设计模式系列 -- 命令模式(Command)

Jun 23, 2016 pm 01:20 PM

1、模式定义

命令模式(Command)将请求封装成对象,从而使你可用不同的请求对客户进行参数化;对请求排队或记录请求日志,以及支持可撤消的操作。这么说很抽象,我们举个例子:

假设我们有一个调用者类 Invoker 和一个接收调用请求的类 Receiver,在两者之间我们使用命令类 Command 的 execute 方法来托管请求调用方法,这样,调用者 Invoker 只知道调用命令类的 execute 方法来处理客户端请求,从而实现接收者 Receiver 与调用者 Invoker 的解耦。

Laravel 中的Artisan 命令就使用了命令模式。

2、UML类图

3、示例代码

CommandInterface.php

<?phpnamespace DesignPatterns\Behavioral\Command;/** * CommandInterface */interface CommandInterface{    /**     * 在命令模式中这是最重要的方法,     * Receiver在构造函数中传入.     */    public function execute();}
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HelloCommand.php

<?phpnamespace DesignPatterns\Behavioral\Command;/** * 这是一个调用Receiver的print方法的命令实现类, * 但是对于调用者而言,只知道调用命令类的execute方法 */class HelloCommand implements CommandInterface{    /**     * @var Receiver     */    protected $output;    /**     * 每一个具体的命令基于不同的Receiver     * 它们可以是一个、多个,甚至完全没有Receiver     *     * @param Receiver $console     */    public function __construct(Receiver $console)    {        $this->output = $console;    }    /**     * 执行并输出 "Hello World"     */    public function execute()    {        // 没有Receiver的时候完全通过命令类来实现功能        $this->output->write('Hello World');    }}
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Receiver.php

<?phpnamespace DesignPatterns\Behavioral\Command;/** * Receiver类 */class Receiver{    /**     * @param string $str     */    public function write($str)    {        echo $str;    }}
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Invoker.php

<?phpnamespace DesignPatterns\Behavioral\Command;/** * Invoker类 */class Invoker{    /**     * @var CommandInterface     */    protected $command;    /**     * 在调用者中我们通常可以找到这种订阅命令的方法     *     * @param CommandInterface $cmd     */    public function setCommand(CommandInterface $cmd)    {        $this->command = $cmd;    }    /**     * 执行命令     */    public function run()    {        $this->command->execute();    }}
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4、测试代码

Tests/CommandTest.php

<?phpnamespace DesignPatterns\Behavioral\Command\Tests;use DesignPatterns\Behavioral\Command\Invoker;use DesignPatterns\Behavioral\Command\Receiver;use DesignPatterns\Behavioral\Command\HelloCommand;/** * CommandTest在命令模式中扮演客户端角色 */class CommandTest extends \PHPUnit_Framework_TestCase{    /**     * @var Invoker     */    protected $invoker;    /**     * @var Receiver     */    protected $receiver;    protected function setUp()    {        $this->invoker = new Invoker();        $this->receiver = new Receiver();    }    public function testInvocation()    {        $this->invoker->setCommand(new HelloCommand($this->receiver));        $this->expectOutputString('Hello World');        $this->invoker->run();    }}
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5、总结

命令模式就是将一组对象的相似行为,进行了抽象,将调用者与被调用者之间进行解耦,提高了应用的灵活性。命令模式将调用的目标对象的一些异构性给封装起来,通过统一的方式来为调用者提供服务。

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