Home Web Front-end HTML Tutorial CSS清除浮动_html/css_WEB-ITnose

CSS清除浮动_html/css_WEB-ITnose

Jun 21, 2016 am 09:12 AM
css clear float

什么是CSS清除浮动?

在非IE浏览器(如Firefox)下,当容器的高度为auto,且容器的内容中有浮动(float为left或right)的元素,在这种情况下,容器的高度不能自动伸长以适应内容的高度,使得内容溢出到容器外面而影响(甚至破坏)布局的现象。这个现象叫浮动溢出,为了防止这个现象的出现而进行的CSS处理,就叫CSS清除浮动。

引用W3C的例子,news容器没有包围浮动的元素。

.news {  background-color: gray;  border: solid 1px black;  }.news img {  float: left;  }.news p {  float: right;  }<div class="news"><img  src="/static/imghw/default1.png"  data-src="news-pic.jpg"  class="lazy"   / alt="CSS清除浮动_html/css_WEB-ITnose" ><p>some text</p></div>
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清除浮动方法

方法一:使用带clear属性的空元素

在浮动元素后使用一个空元素如

,并在CSS中赋予.clear{clear:both;}属性即可清理浮动。亦可使用

来进行清理。

.news {  background-color: gray;  border: solid 1px black;  }.news img {  float: left;  }.news p {  float: right;  }.clear {  clear: both;  }<div class="news"><img  src="/static/imghw/default1.png"  data-src="news-pic.jpg"  class="lazy"   / alt="CSS清除浮动_html/css_WEB-ITnose" ><p>some text</p><div class="clear"></div></div>
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优点:简单,代码少,浏览器兼容性好。

缺点:需要添加大量无语义的html元素,代码不够优雅,后期不容易维护。

方法二:使用CSS的overflow属性

给浮动元素的容器添加overflow:hidden;或overflow:auto;可以清除浮动,另外在 IE6 中还需要触发 hasLayout ,例如为父元素设置容器宽高或设置 zoom:1。

在添加overflow属性后,浮动元素又回到了容器层,把容器高度撑起,达到了清理浮动的效果。

.news {  background-color: gray;  border: solid 1px black;  overflow: hidden;  *zoom: 1;  }.news img {  float: left;  }.news p {  float: right;  }<div class="news"><img  src="/static/imghw/default1.png"  data-src="news-pic.jpg"  class="lazy"   / alt="CSS清除浮动_html/css_WEB-ITnose" ><p>some text</p></div>
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方法三:给浮动的元素的容器添加浮动

给浮动元素的容器也添加上浮动属性即可清除内部浮动,但是这样会使其整体浮动,影响布局,不推荐使用。

方法四:使用CSS的:after伪元素

结合 :after 伪元素(注意这不是伪类,而是伪元素,代表一个元素之后最近的元素)和 IEhack ,可以完美兼容当前主流的各大浏览器,这里的 IEhack 指的是触发 hasLayout。

给浮动元素的容器添加一个clearfix的class,然后给这个class添加一个:after伪元素实现元素末尾添加一个看不见的块元素(Block element)清理浮动。

.news {  background-color: gray;  border: solid 1px black;  }.news img {  float: left;  }.news p {  float: right;  }.clearfix:after{  content: "020";   display: block;   height: 0;   clear: both;   visibility: hidden;    }.clearfix {  /* 触发 hasLayout */   zoom: 1;   }<div class="news clearfix"><img  src="/static/imghw/default1.png"  data-src="news-pic.jpg"  class="lazy"   / alt="CSS清除浮动_html/css_WEB-ITnose" ><p>some text</p></div>
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通过CSS伪元素在容器的内部元素最后添加了一个看不见的空格"020"或点".",并且赋予clear属性来清除浮动。需要注意的是为了IE6和IE7浏览器,要给clearfix这个class添加一条zoom:1;触发haslayout。

 

总结

通过上面的例子,我们不难发现清除浮动的方法可以分成两类:

一是利用 clear 属性,包括在浮动元素末尾添加一个带有 clear: both 属性的空 div 来闭合元素,其实利用 :after 伪元素的方法也是在元素末尾添加一个内容为一个点并带有 clear: both 属性的元素实现的。

二是触发浮动元素父元素的 BFC (Block Formatting Contexts, 块级格式化上下文),使到该父元素可以包含浮动元素。

 

推荐

在网页主要布局时使用:after伪元素方法并作为主要清理浮动方式;在小模块如ul里使用overflow:hidden;(留意可能产生的隐藏溢出元素问题);如果本身就是浮动元素则可自动清除内部浮动,无需格外处理;正文中使用邻接元素清理之前的浮动。

最后可以使用相对完美的:after伪元素方法清理浮动,文档结构更加清晰。


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