CSS3选择器详解_html/css_WEB-ITnose
转载自个人博客
1.常用选择器
1.1标签选择器
p{ }/*选择标签名为p的元素*/
1.2类选择器
.box{ }/*选择class名为box的元素*/
1.3ID选择器
#pid{ }/*选择id名为pid的元素*/
1.4通配符选择器
*{ }/*选择页面中所有的元素*/
1.5选择器前缀
div.bd{}/*选中class名为bd且标签为div的元素*/
1.6属性选择器
[disabled]{}/*选择带有属性disabled的所有元素*/[type=button]{}/*选择type属性为button的所有元素*/[class~=sports]{}/*选择class属性包含sports所有元素*/[lang|=en]{ }/*选择以lang属性以"en"开头以及以"-"分隔的所有元素*/a[href^="#"]{ }/*选择href属性以"#"开头的a元素*/[href$="pdf"]{ }/*选择href属性以"pdf"结尾的元素*/[href*="lady.163.com"]{}/*选择href属性中包含"lady.163.com"的元素*/
2.伪类选择器
2.1链接伪类
/*前两个只可用于描元素(链接)*/a:link {color:#FF0000;} /* 未被访问的链接 */a:visited {color:#00FF00;} /* 已被访问的链接 *//*后两个可以用于其它元素*/a:hover {color:#FF00FF;} /* 鼠标指针移动到链接上 */a:active {color:#0000FF;} /* 正在被点击的链接 */
链接在进行设置时:a:hover 必须位于 a:link 和 a:visited 之后, a:active 必须位于 a:hover 之后。
2.2动态伪类
input:focus{}/*设置input元素获得焦点后的样式*/input:enabled{}/*元素可用的状态*/input:disabled{}/*元素不可用的状态,属性选择器[disabled]的简写*/input:checked{}/*单选框或者复选框选择的样式*/
2.3树形图上的伪类
html结构如下:
<ul> <li>1</li> <li>2</li> <li><a href="#">3</a></li> <li>4</li> <p>5</p></ul>
选择符:
ul:first-child{}/*选择第一个ul下第一个标签(css2定义,支持ie7)在处理margin时很有用*//*以下全是CSS3新增的伪类*/ul:last-child{}/*选择最后一个li标签*/ul:nth-child(n){}/*选择()内的表达式如:[2n+1],或者数字所代表的li标签*/ul:nth-last-child(n)/*同上,反向选择*/ul:only-child{}/*选择ul只有一个子元素的项,这里会选中第三个li下的a标签*/ul:first-of-type{}/*选择第一个该类型的标签,会选择第一个li和p*/ul:last-of-type{}/*选择最后一个该类型的标签,会选择第四个li和p*/ul:nth-last-of-type(2n){ }/*倒数的选择(.)内的表达式[2n],或数字所代表的该类型标签。选择第一个和第三个li标签*/ul:only-of-type{}/*选择ul下中只有一个该类型的项,会选中a标签和p标签*/:root{}/*选择文档的根元素*/ul:not(li){}/*选择不含有li标签的元素,这里会选中a标签和p元素*/ul:empty{}/*匹配ul下没有任何子元素(包括text节点)的元素,这里匹配不到,把p标签中的5删除,可匹配成功*/E:target{}/*匹配相关URL(锚点)指向的元素。*/
3.伪元素选择器
::first-letter{}/*选择第一个字母*/::first-line{}/*选择第一行*/::before{content:"before";}/*在某个元素之前插入一些内容*/::after{content:"after";}/*在某个元素后插入一些内容*/::selection{}/*设置于被用户选中时的样式*/::placeholder{}/*设置对象文字占位符的样式*/
4.组合选择器
4.1后代选择器
.main h2{ }/*选择class名为mian元素内的所有h2标签*/
4.2子选择器
.main>h2{ }/*选择class名为mian元素内的直接关联与父元素的h2标签*/
4.3相连选择器
h2~p{}/*只要P标签前有h2标签便选择*/
4.4兄弟选择器
h2~p{}/*选择h2标签后出现的所有p标签*/
4.4选择器分组
h1,h2,h3{backgound-color:#ddd;}/*同时设置h1,h2,h3标签,使用","分隔*/
5.继承
body{font-family:"Microsoft Yahei";}/*设置页面中所有的字体为微软雅黑*/
-
继承属性
color
font
text-align
list-style
...
-
非继承属性
background
border
position
...
6.CSS优先级
-
计算方法
a = 行内样式
b = ID选择器的数量
c = 类/伪类和属性选择器的数量
d = 标签选择器和伪元素选择器数量
value = a1000 + b100 + c*10 +d
!important强行提升优先级

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