Table of Contents
find() 和 findAll()
正则表达式与 BeautifulSoup
Home Web Front-end HTML Tutorial Web Scraping with Python深入HTML解析_html/css_WEB-ITnose

Web Scraping with Python深入HTML解析_html/css_WEB-ITnose

Jun 21, 2016 am 08:55 AM

有人问米开朗基罗:"您是如何创造出《大卫》这样的巨作的?"他答道:"很简单,我去采石场,看见一块巨大的大理石 ,我要做的只是凿去那些不该有的大理石,大卫就诞生了。

同样我们在抓取网页的时候,需要去掉我们不需要的,提取出需要的信息,只不过技术相当复杂。这篇文章将介绍HTML解析技术

在上篇文章( Web Scraping with Python--第一个网页抓取实例)中,我们初步接触了BeutifulSoup库, 这里我们将通过属性来查找标签tags。

几乎所有的网站都包含CSS,对我们抓取网页很有利,CSS依赖于不同的HTML元素有不同的标记,比如:

来看一个网站-http://www.pythonscraping.com/pages/warandpeace.html,里面是一篇文章,口语是红色的字体,而讲话者是绿色的字体,选取其中一个源代码片段:

"Heavens! what a virulent attack!" replied the prince, not in the least disconcerted by this reception.

可以使用上一篇文章中使用的程序来创建一个BeautifulSoup对象来获取整个网页:

from urllib.requestimport urlopenfrom bs4import BeautifulSouphtml = urlopen("http://www.pythonscraping.com/pages/warandpeace.html")bsObj = BeautifulSoup(html)
Copy after login

使用BeautifulSoup对象的findAll方法来提取出一个指定要求的列表

nameList = bsObj.findAll("span", {"class":"green"})for namein nameList:    print(name.get_text())
Copy after login

将上面的代码证整理一下:

from urllib.requestimport urlopenfrom bs4import BeautifulSoup html = urlopen("http://www.pythonscraping.com/pages/warandpeace.html")bsObj = BeautifulSoup(html, "html.parser")nameList = bsObj.findAll("span", {"class": "green"})for namein nameList:    print(name.get_text())
Copy after login

运行结果:

Anna

Pavlovna Scherer

Empress Marya

……

解释一下上面的代码:

bsObj.findAll(tagName, tagAttributes) 获取整个页面上的标签的列表,然后通过迭代列表,获取相应的标签的内容

find() 和 findAll()

这两个方法很相似,它们的声明如下:

findAll(tag, attributes, recursive, text, limit, keywords)find(tag, attributes, recursive, text, keywords)

tag参数就像之前见到的那样,你可以传递一个字符串或者一个字符串列表:.findAll({"h1","h2","h3","h4","h5","h6"})

attributes参数传递一个属性和tags相匹配的字典,例如:.findAll("span", {"class":"green", "class":"red"})

recursive参数用于设置是否设置递归

keywor参数允许你包含一个特别的属性,例如:

from urllib.requestimport urlopenfrom bs4import BeautifulSoup html = urlopen("http://www.pythonscraping.com/pages/warandpeace.html")bsObj = BeautifulSoup(html, "html.parser")allText = bsObj.findAll(id="text")#也可以换为:allText = bsObj.findAll("",{"id":"text"})print(allText[0].get_text())
Copy after login

如果你想查找子标签,可以使用children:

from urllib.requestimport urlopenfrom bs4import BeautifulSoup html = urlopen("http://www.pythonscraping.com/pages/page3.html")bsObj = BeautifulSoup(html, "html.parser")for childin bsObj.find("table", {"id": "giftList"}).children:    print(child)
Copy after login

如果想去掉第一行的内容,可以使用next_siblings

from urllib.requestimport urlopenfrom bs4import BeautifulSoup html = urlopen("http://www.pythonscraping.com/pages/page3.html")bsObj = BeautifulSoup(html, "html.parser")for siblingin bsObj.find("table", {"id":"giftList"}).tr.next_siblings:    print(sibling)
Copy after login

如果你想查找父标签,可以使用 previous_siblings:

from urllib.requestimport urlopenfrom bs4import BeautifulSoup html = urlopen("http://www.pythonscraping.com/pages/page3.html")bsObj = BeautifulSoup(html, "html.parser")print(bsObj.find("img",{"src":"../img/gifts/img1.jpg"}).parent.previous_sibling.get_text())
Copy after login

从下面的html结构一目了然

(3)

— “$15.00” (4)

— s (2)

Web Scraping with Python深入HTML解析_html/css_WEB-ITnose (1)

正则表达式与 BeautifulSoup

python中的正则可以参照我的另一篇《 Python基础(9)--正则表达式》

注意到上面的实例网页中有如下结构:

Web Scraping with Python深入HTML解析_html/css_WEB-ITnose

假如有个需求是提取所有的img标签,按照之前的说法,可以考虑 findAll("img")来解决这个问题,但是现代网站有的隐藏img……等不确定因素,这时候才有正则表达式来解决:

from urllib.requestimport urlopenfrom bs4import BeautifulSoupimport re html = urlopen("http://www.pythonscraping.com/pages/page3.html")bsObj = BeautifulSoup(html, "html.parser")images = bsObj.findAll("img", {"src":re.compile("\.\.\/img\/gifts/img.*\.jpg")})for imagein images:    print(image["src"])
Copy after login

运行结果如下:

../img/gifts/img1.jpg

../img/gifts/img2.jpg

../img/gifts/img3.jpg

../img/gifts/img4.jpg

../img/gifts/img6.jpg

作者:工学1号馆

出处: http://wuyudong.com/1842.html

本文版权归作者所有,欢迎转载,在文章页面明显位置给出原文链接,否则保留追究法律责任的权利.

如果觉得本文对您有帮助,可以对作者进行小额【赞助】

Statement of this Website
The content of this article is voluntarily contributed by netizens, and the copyright belongs to the original author. This site does not assume corresponding legal responsibility. If you find any content suspected of plagiarism or infringement, please contact admin@php.cn

Hot AI Tools

Undresser.AI Undress

Undresser.AI Undress

AI-powered app for creating realistic nude photos

AI Clothes Remover

AI Clothes Remover

Online AI tool for removing clothes from photos.

Undress AI Tool

Undress AI Tool

Undress images for free

Clothoff.io

Clothoff.io

AI clothes remover

Video Face Swap

Video Face Swap

Swap faces in any video effortlessly with our completely free AI face swap tool!

Hot Tools

Notepad++7.3.1

Notepad++7.3.1

Easy-to-use and free code editor

SublimeText3 Chinese version

SublimeText3 Chinese version

Chinese version, very easy to use

Zend Studio 13.0.1

Zend Studio 13.0.1

Powerful PHP integrated development environment

Dreamweaver CS6

Dreamweaver CS6

Visual web development tools

SublimeText3 Mac version

SublimeText3 Mac version

God-level code editing software (SublimeText3)

Hot Topics

Java Tutorial
1664
14
PHP Tutorial
1268
29
C# Tutorial
1243
24
Understanding HTML, CSS, and JavaScript: A Beginner's Guide Understanding HTML, CSS, and JavaScript: A Beginner's Guide Apr 12, 2025 am 12:02 AM

WebdevelopmentreliesonHTML,CSS,andJavaScript:1)HTMLstructurescontent,2)CSSstylesit,and3)JavaScriptaddsinteractivity,formingthebasisofmodernwebexperiences.

HTML, CSS, and JavaScript: Essential Tools for Web Developers HTML, CSS, and JavaScript: Essential Tools for Web Developers Apr 09, 2025 am 12:12 AM

HTML, CSS and JavaScript are the three pillars of web development. 1. HTML defines the web page structure and uses tags such as, etc. 2. CSS controls the web page style, using selectors and attributes such as color, font-size, etc. 3. JavaScript realizes dynamic effects and interaction, through event monitoring and DOM operations.

HTML: The Structure, CSS: The Style, JavaScript: The Behavior HTML: The Structure, CSS: The Style, JavaScript: The Behavior Apr 18, 2025 am 12:09 AM

The roles of HTML, CSS and JavaScript in web development are: 1. HTML defines the web page structure, 2. CSS controls the web page style, and 3. JavaScript adds dynamic behavior. Together, they build the framework, aesthetics and interactivity of modern websites.

The Future of HTML, CSS, and JavaScript: Web Development Trends The Future of HTML, CSS, and JavaScript: Web Development Trends Apr 19, 2025 am 12:02 AM

The future trends of HTML are semantics and web components, the future trends of CSS are CSS-in-JS and CSSHoudini, and the future trends of JavaScript are WebAssembly and Serverless. 1. HTML semantics improve accessibility and SEO effects, and Web components improve development efficiency, but attention should be paid to browser compatibility. 2. CSS-in-JS enhances style management flexibility but may increase file size. CSSHoudini allows direct operation of CSS rendering. 3.WebAssembly optimizes browser application performance but has a steep learning curve, and Serverless simplifies development but requires optimization of cold start problems.

The Future of HTML: Evolution and Trends in Web Design The Future of HTML: Evolution and Trends in Web Design Apr 17, 2025 am 12:12 AM

The future of HTML is full of infinite possibilities. 1) New features and standards will include more semantic tags and the popularity of WebComponents. 2) The web design trend will continue to develop towards responsive and accessible design. 3) Performance optimization will improve the user experience through responsive image loading and lazy loading technologies.

HTML vs. CSS vs. JavaScript: A Comparative Overview HTML vs. CSS vs. JavaScript: A Comparative Overview Apr 16, 2025 am 12:04 AM

The roles of HTML, CSS and JavaScript in web development are: HTML is responsible for content structure, CSS is responsible for style, and JavaScript is responsible for dynamic behavior. 1. HTML defines the web page structure and content through tags to ensure semantics. 2. CSS controls the web page style through selectors and attributes to make it beautiful and easy to read. 3. JavaScript controls web page behavior through scripts to achieve dynamic and interactive functions.

HTML: Building the Structure of Web Pages HTML: Building the Structure of Web Pages Apr 14, 2025 am 12:14 AM

HTML is the cornerstone of building web page structure. 1. HTML defines the content structure and semantics, and uses, etc. tags. 2. Provide semantic markers, such as, etc., to improve SEO effect. 3. To realize user interaction through tags, pay attention to form verification. 4. Use advanced elements such as, combined with JavaScript to achieve dynamic effects. 5. Common errors include unclosed labels and unquoted attribute values, and verification tools are required. 6. Optimization strategies include reducing HTTP requests, compressing HTML, using semantic tags, etc.

The Role of HTML: Structuring Web Content The Role of HTML: Structuring Web Content Apr 11, 2025 am 12:12 AM

The role of HTML is to define the structure and content of a web page through tags and attributes. 1. HTML organizes content through tags such as , making it easy to read and understand. 2. Use semantic tags such as, etc. to enhance accessibility and SEO. 3. Optimizing HTML code can improve web page loading speed and user experience.

See all articles