20 个 CSS 高级技巧汇总_html/css_WEB-ITnose
1. 黑白图像
这段代码会让你的彩色照片显示为黑白照片,是不是很酷?
img.desaturate { filter: grayscale(100%); -webkit-filter: grayscale(100%); -moz-filter: grayscale(100%); -ms-filter: grayscale(100%); -o-filter: grayscale(100%);}
2. 使用 :not() 在菜单上应用/取消应用边框
先给每一个菜单项添加边框
/* add border */.nav li { border-right: 1px solid #666;}
……然后再除去最后一个元素……
// remove border /.nav li:last-child { border-right: none;}
……可以直接使用 :not() 伪类来应用元素:
.nav li:not(:last-child) { border-right: 1px solid #666;}
这样代码就干净,易读,易于理解了。
当然,如果你的新元素有兄弟元素的话,也可以使用通用的兄弟选择符(~):
..nav li:first-child ~ li { border-left: 1px solid #666;}
3. 页面顶部阴影
下面这个简单的 CSS3 代码片段可以给网页加上漂亮的顶部阴影效果:
body:before { content: ""; position: fixed; top: -10px; left: 0; width: 100%; height: 10px; -webkit-box-shadow: 0px 0px 10px rgba(0,0,0,.8); -moz-box-shadow: 0px 0px 10px rgba(0,0,0,.8); box-shadow: 0px 0px 10px rgba(0,0,0,.8); z-index: 100;}
4. 给 body 添加行高
你不需要分别添加 line-height 到每个p,h标记等。只要添加到 body 即可:
body { line-height: 1;}
这样文本元素就可以很容易地从 body 继承。
5. 所有一切都垂直居中
要将所有元素垂直居中,太简单了:
html, body { height: 100%; margin: 0;}body { -webkit-align-items: center; -ms-flex-align: center; align-items: center; display: -webkit-flex; display: flex;}
看,是不是很简单。
注意:在IE11中要小心flexbox。
6. 逗号分隔的列表
让HTML列表项看上去像一个真正的,用逗号分隔的列表:
ul > li:not(:last-child)::after { content: ",";}
对最后一个列表项使用 :not() 伪类。
7. 使用负的 nth-child 选择项目
在CSS中使用负的 nth-child 选择项目1到项目n。
li { display: none;}/* select items 1 through 3 and display them */li:nth-child(-n+3) { display: block;}
8. 对图标使用 SVG
我们没有理由不对图标使用SVG:
.logo { background: url("logo.svg");}
SVG对所有的分辨率类型都具有良好的扩展性,并支持所有浏览器都回归到IE9。这样可以避开.png、.jpg或.gif文件了。
9. 优化显示文本
有时,字体并不能在所有设备上都达到最佳的显示,所以可以让设备浏览器来帮助你:
html { -moz-osx-font-smoothing: grayscale; -webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; text-rendering: optimizeLegibility;}
注:请负责任地使用 optimizeLegibility。此外,IE /Edge没有 text-rendering 支持。
10. 对纯 CSS 滑块使用 max-height
使用 max-height 和溢出隐藏来实现只有CSS的滑块:
.slider ul { max-height: 0; overlow: hidden;}.slider:hover ul { max-height: 1000px; transition: .3s ease;}
11. 继承 box-sizing
让 box-sizing 继承 html:
html { box-sizing: border-box;}*, *:before, *:after { box-sizing: inherit;}
这样在插件或杠杆其他行为的其他组件中就能更容易地改变 box-sizing 了。
12. 表格单元格等宽
表格工作起来很麻烦,所以务必尽量使用 table-layout: fixed 来保持单元格的等宽:
.calendar { table-layout: fixed;}
13. 用 Flexbox 摆脱外边距的各种 hack
当需要用到列分隔符时,通过flexbox的 space-between 属性,你就可以摆脱nth-,first-,和 last-child 的hack了:
.list { display: flex; justify-content: space-between;}.list .person { flex-basis: 23%;}
现在,列表分隔符就会在均匀间隔的位置出现。
14. 使用属性选择器用于空链接
当a元素没有文本值,但 href 属性有链接的时候显示链接:
a[href^="http"]:empty::before { content: attr(href);}
相当方便。
15. 检测鼠标双击
HTML:
<div class="test3"> <span><input type="text" value=" " readonly="true" /> <a href="http://renpingjun.com">Double click me</a></span></div>
CSS:
.test3 span { position: relative;}.test3 span a { position: relative; z-index: 2;}.test3 span a:hover, .test3 span a:active { z-index: 4;}.test3 span input { background: transparent; border: 0; cursor: pointer; position: absolute; top: -1px; left: 0; width: 101%; /* Hacky */ height: 301%; /* Hacky */ z-index: 3;}.test3 span input:focus { background: transparent; border: 0; z-index: 1;}
16. CSS 写出三角形
/* create an arrow that points up */div.arrow-up { width:0px; height:0px; border-left:5px solid transparent; /* left arrow slant */ border-right:5px solid transparent; /* right arrow slant */ border-bottom:5px solid #2f2f2f; /* bottom, add background color here */ font-size:0px; line-height:0px;} /* create an arrow that points down */div.arrow-down { width:0px; height:0px; border-left:5px solid transparent; border-right:5px solid transparent; border-top:5px solid #2f2f2f; font-size:0px; line-height:0px;} /* create an arrow that points left */div.arrow-left { width:0px; height:0px; border-bottom:5px solid transparent; /* left arrow slant */ border-top:5px solid transparent; /* right arrow slant */ border-right:5px solid #2f2f2f; /* bottom, add background color here */ font-size:0px; line-height:0px;} /* create an arrow that points right */div.arrow-right { width:0px; height:0px; border-bottom:5px solid transparent; /* left arrow slant */ border-top:5px solid transparent; /* right arrow slant */ border-left:5px solid #2f2f2f; /* bottom, add background color here */ font-size:0px; line-height:0px;}
17. CSS3 calc() 的使用
calc() 用法类似于函数,能够给元素设置动态的值:
/* basic calc */.simpleBlock { width: calc(100% - 100px);} /* calc in calc */.complexBlock { width: calc(100% - 50% / 3); padding: 5px calc(3% - 2px); margin-left: calc(10% + 10px);}
18. 文本渐变
文本渐变效果很流行,使用 CSS3 能够很简单就实现:
h2[data-text] { position: relative;}h2[data-text]::after { content: attr(data-text); z-index: 10; color: #e3e3e3; position: absolute; top: 0; left: 0; -webkit-mask-image: -webkit-gradient(linear, left top, left bottom, from(rgba(0,0,0,0)), color-stop(50%, rgba(0,0,0,1)), to(rgba(0,0,0,0)));}
19. 禁用鼠标事件
CSS3 新增的 pointer-events 让你能够禁用元素的鼠标事件,例如,一个连接如果设置了下面的样式就无法点击了。
.disabled { pointer-events: none; }
20. 模糊文本
简单但很漂亮的文本模糊效果,简单又好看!
.blur { color: transparent; text-shadow: 0 0 5px rgba(0,0,0,0.5);}

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