实用的 CSS
前言
在了解 cubic-bezier 之前,你需要对 CSS3 中的动画效果有所认识,它是 animation-timing-function 和 transition-timing-function 中一个重要的内容。
本体
简介
cubic-bezier 又称三次贝塞尔,主要是为 animation 生成速度曲线的函数,规定是 cubic-bezier(
我们可以从下图中简要理解一下 cubic-bezier:
从上图我们需要知道的是 cubic-bezier 的取值范围:
- P0:默认值 (0, 0)
- P1:动态取值 (x1, y1)
- P2:动态取值 (x2, y2)
- P3:默认值 (1, 1)
我们需要关注的是 P1 和 P2 两点的取值,而其中 X 轴的取值范围是 0 到 1,当取值超出范围时 cubic-bezier 将失效;Y 轴的取值没有规定,当然也毋须过大。
最直接的理解是,将以一条直线放在范围只有 1 的坐标轴中,并从中间拿出两个点来拉扯(X 轴的取值区间是 [0, 1],Y 轴任意),最后形成的曲线就是动画的速度曲线。
使用
在测试例子中:
<!DOCTYPE html><html lang="zh-cn"><head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <title>Document</title> <style> .animation { width: 50px; height: 50px; background-color: #ed3; -webkit-transition: all 2s; -o-transition: all 2s; transition: all 2s; } .animation:hover { -webkit-transform: translateX(100px); -ms-transform: translateX(100px); -o-transform: translateX(100px); transform: translateX(100px); } </style></head><body> <div class="animation"></div></body></html>
我们可以在浏览器中看到,当鼠标移到元素上时,元素开始向右移动,开始比较慢,之后则比较快,移开时按原曲线回到原点。
在例子中,当我们不为 transition 添加 cubic-bezier 或是其他 timing-function 时,默认的速度曲线是 ease,此时的速度曲线是:
那么让我们在代码中加入 cubic-bezier(.17, .86, .73, .14):
....animation { ... -webkit-transition: all 2s cubic-bezier(.17, .86, .73, .14); -o-transition: all 2s cubic-bezier(.17, .86, .73, .14); transition: all 2s cubic-bezier(.17, .86, .73, .14);}...
再刷新页面观察效果,会看到动画在执行过程中有一段很缓慢的移动,前后的速度相似,此时的运动曲线是:
几个常用的固定值对应的 cubic-bezier 值以及速度曲线
-
ease:cubic-bezier(.25, .1, .25, 1)
-
liner:cubic-bezier(0, 0, 1, 1) / cubic-bezier(1, 1, 0, 0)
-
ease-in:cubic-bezier(.42, 0, 1, 1)
-
ease-out:cubic-bezier(0, 0, .58, 1)
-
ease-in-out:cubic-bezier(.42, 0, .58, 1)
-
In Out . Back(来回的缓冲效果):cubic-bezier(0.68, -0.55, 0.27, 1.55)
效果参考
文章所提到的动画效果可以在下面站点中看到,当然你也可以大胆尝试:
- 英文版在线预览(Lea Verou)
- 中文版在线预览(更多效果)
- 在线生成系列
- 作者的《Loading》库
参考
MDNW3School

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